Good morning, happy new week.
CORRECTION

1. accountant
2. actor
3. ambidexter
4. Angler
5. antiquary
6. apprentice
7. archaeology
8. archer
9. artist
10. assassin

9/9/20

Good morning everyone. I wish you all a beautiful day.

VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT

What are the names of these professions?

1. One who keeps and examines business accounts.
2. One who performs in plays, films and on television.
3. One who can use both hands with equal dexterity.
4. One who fishes with a rod.
5. One who collects things of the ancient times.

6. One who is learning a trade.
7. One who studies the past or digs up and identifies historical relics
8. One who shoots with bows and arrows.
9. One who paints pictures
10. One who kills political figures.

07/09/2020

Good morning everyone.

DICTATION

Listen and watch this 41/2 mins video..

Hello Students. Hope you are keeping safe.

02/09/2020

Hello boys and girls

ClassWork

A. Choose the correct word from the brackets to complete the following:

1. A hungry boy is (cheerful, sad, melancholy, lucky)
2. A vacant house is (occupied, full, empty, living)
3. Interior means (beside, outside, inside, underside)
4. Prohibit means (advertise, allow, forbid, prove)
5. To pursue means (new, retreat, chase, run)
6. A great disaster is a (catalogue, catalyst, catastrophe, catapult)
7. A shortage of food is (feast, famine, drought, festival)
8. Well-known means (frail, strange, familiar, unusual)
9. A trophy is a (game, prize, loaf, tough)
10. Agitated means (pleased, angry, disturbed, humorous)

B. Choose a word which has the same or nearly the same meaning as the first word:

1. Weak    –              strong, feeble, tired, little
2. Damp    –              moist, warm, cold, icy
3. Dear      –              nice, cheap, comfortable, expensive
4. Master –              governor, servant, mistress, boss
5. Powerful    –        rich, mighty, proud, severe
6. Passage                     –        room, hall, cloakroom, corridor
7. Large     –              small, size, big, enlarge
8. Peculiar    –         strange, silly, foolish, fussy
9. Permanent   –      temporary, usual, lasting, remaining
10. Courageous   –   encouraging, cowardly, brave, sensible

CORRECTION for 26/08/2020

1. (d) Is the old man a typist?
2. (d) What does she do at the hospital?
3. (d)Is Lamidi so hostile?
4. (c) Isn’t my mother able to cook the meal?
5. (c) Did Okoro call Uche a pilot?
6. (a) Is my house a terrace?
7. (c) Is Maiduguri a town in Borno state?
8. (c) What did my mother buy yesterday?
9. (c) Is Bukola’s aunt a strict teacher?
10. (b) Does Uche hate Toyota cars?

26/08/2020

Good morning class. Hope you are still keeping safe, please always remember to take responsibility. God bless you.

EMPHATIC STRESS (Classwork: Choose the correct answers of these emphasized words)

1. The old man is a MESSENGER.

(a) Who is the messenger?

(b) Is the young man a messenger?

(c) Is the old woman a messenger?

(d) Is the old man a typist?

2. She WORKS at the hospital

(a) Who works at the hospital?

(b) Where does she work?

(c) Does she work at the hospital?

(d) What does she do at the hospital?

3. Lamidi is VERY hostile.
   Is Lamidi friendly?
   Who is hostile ?
   Was Lamidi very hostile?
   Is Lamidi so hostile?
4. Your mother CAN cook the meal.
   Who will cook the meal?
   Can my father cook the meal?
   Isn’t my mother able to cook the meal?
   What can my mother do?
5. LAM called Uche a pilot
   What did Lam call Uche?
   Did Lam wish Uche to be a pilot?
   Did Okoro call Uche a pilot?
   Did Lam call Uche a driver?
6. My house is a BUNGALOW
   Is my house a terrace?
   Was my house a bungalow?
   Is my house the bungalow?
   Is the house the bungalow
7. Maiduguri is the CAPITAL of Borno state.
   What is the capital of Borno state?
   Which state is Maiduguri capital of?
   Is Maiduguri a town in Borno state?
   Is Maiduguri the capital of Plateau state?
8. My mother bought a BICYCLE.
   When did my mother buy a bicycle?
   Did my mother steal a bicycle yesterday?
   What did my mother buy yesterday?
   Whose mother bought a bicycle yesterday?
9. Bukola’s UNCLE is a strict teacher.
   Is Bukola’s uncle an easy going teacher?
   Is Bukola’s uncle a strict cook?
   Is Bukola’s aunt a strict teacher?
   Is Tunde’s uncle a strict teacher?
10. Uche LOVES Toyota cars.
    What brand of car does Uche love?
    Does Uche hate Toyota cars?
    Does Uche love bicycle?
    Who loves Toyota cars?

24/08/2020

EMPHATIC STRESS

It is very rare to see a Secondary School English exam without questions on Emphatic Stress. Questions on Emphatic stress are the simplest, but students still fail them. This is because they are yet to understand the topic (Emphatic Stress), hence the need for this tutorial. Emphatic stress is a stress placed on a particular word in a phrase or clause for clarity or emphasis. Example:Tammy’s girlfriend is always STUNNING

In the example above, “stunning” carries the emphatic stress.

For instance, you might be asked to choose the option that carries the emphatic stress in the question below.Tammy’s girlfriend is always STUNNING.

A. Is Emeka’s wife always stunning?
B. Is Tammy’s sister always stunning?

C. Is Tammy’s wife always beautiful?

D. Is Tammy’s wife occasionally stunning?

In the example above, “stunning” carries the emphatic stress.

How Do I Know the Correct Option in the Options Above?
It is very simple. Since the word that has the emphatic stress is “stunning”, the option that does not have “stunning” becomes the correct answer. In the question above, the emphasis is on “stunning”, so the answer will be an option without “stunning”. Therefore, the answer is C.

Things to Note while Choosing Your Answer.
In order to choose your answers correctly, it is very important you take note of the following:

1. Take note of the word that is emphasized in the question. The word that is emphasised is usually capitalised.
2. When choosing your answer, choose the option that does not have the capitalised word. All the options except one carry the capitalised word in the question. The one without the capitalised word is the correct option.

19/08/20

CORRECTION of the previous lesson

Hello students. Hope you are all keeping safe.

Answer the following questions from the previous topics.

Identify the grammatical names of the underlined, in the sentences below:-

1. That is the boy that stole the goat
2. The man who beat the dog to death has been arrested
3. I was there when the man arrived.
4. The driver was speeding as if he was mad.
5. We received the pen.
6. What they were planning was very good.
7. I want to visit the office where the agreement ending the war was signed.
8. The lady whose wrist watch was taken has bought another.
9. Nobody knows where the warrior was buried.
10. You should eat what you are given.
11. If you are not careful, you may fall.
12. I will report you, unless you stop talking.
13. He passed the examination whereas he didn’t study for it.
14. That Pat could swim surprised me.
15. That is the house which Paul built.

• 17/08/2020
• Good morning class, I hope you had a restful weekend, read this and answer the questions under it. Ask question on the Whatsapp page if you have any.

Adjective Clause

An adjective clause, also known as an adjectival clause, is a type of dependent clause that works to describe a noun in a sentence. It functions as an adjective even though it is made up of a group of words instead of just one word. In the case of an adjective clause, all the words work together to modify the noun or pronoun.

Adjective Clauses are Dependent

All adjective clauses are dependent clauses. A dependent clause is a group of words that consists of a subject and a verb, yet it is not a complete sentence that can stand alone. Adjective clauses begin with a relative pronoun, which connects them to the word they describe, such as:

• that
• where
• when
• who
• whom
• whose
• which
• why

Once you remember the relative pronouns, it’s very easy to pick out an adjective clause in a sentence:

• Chocolate, which many people adore, is fattening.
• People who are smart follow the rules.
• I can remember the time when cell phones didn’t exist.
• Charlie has a friend whose daughter lives in China.
• The wine that vintners produce in Tuscany is not cheap.
• The reason why Sandra went to law school is that she didn’t want to be a doctor.

Notice that each of the italicized adjective clauses begins with a relative pronoun from the list above. This connects it to the noun being described, which comes directly before the relative pronoun in the sentence.

Each adjective clause above also contains a subject and a verb, all of which work together to describe the original noun being modified. For example, the clause which many people adore contains the subject “people” and the verb “adore,” yet by itself it is not a complete sentence. Instead, its job is to provide more information to describe the noun “chocolate.”

In some cases, the relative pronoun also serves as the subject of the clause. For example, in the adjective clause who are smart, the relative pronoun “who” also acts as the subject that is smart

Functions of Adjectives

An adjective qualifies a noun; that is, it provides more detail about a noun. This can be anything from color to size to temperature to personality

Example: Jide wore a brown big shirt

Brown big qualifies the noun ‘shirt’

Classwork

12/8/2020

ADVERBIAL CLAUSE / PHRASE

CLASS WORK

Identify the grammatical names and functions of the boldly written words

1. Have you ever seen an elephant with a white skin?

2. He was wearing a crown made of gold.

3. There I met a girl with blue eyes.

4. Wild beasts in small cages are a sorry sight.

5. A man with a long beard came to see me.

6. We visited many villages without any inhabitants

7. A friend in need is a friend indeed.

8. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

9. He was a young man of great promise.

10. In a low voice, he narrated the tale of his adventures.

10/08/2020

please, try your best to read this, it gives more explanation on what we have done before on grammatical names and function.

Jot down your own note from this.

IDENTIFYING A GRAMMATICAL NAME/ FUNCTION

NOUN CLAUSE

Like the adjectival clause, the noun clause is also introduced by WHO, THAT. It is also introduced by WHAT. So, the markers of the noun clause are: WHO, THAT,WHAT.
Step 1: Check out for any of the markers of the noun clause: WHO, THAT, WHAT
Step 2: Check if there is a verb in the underlined expression. 
Step 3: Check the word before or after the underlined expression. (a) If the word/group of words before or after the markers listed above is a VERB, then the underlined expression is a noun clause. 
(b) If the underlined expression is before the verb, the function will be subject. However, if the underlined expression comes after the verb, the function will be object. Let’s consider some examples.  

Examples of the underlined expression after the verb: 
1. Then, I realized that she was drunk. 
Grammatical name: Noun clauseGrammatical function: Object of the verb ‘realized’. 
2. She narrated what had happened to her. 

Grammatical name: Noun clauseGrammatical function: Object of the verb ‘narrated’. 
3. He knew that such a threat letter would expose him. 

Grammatical name: Noun clauseGrammatical function: Object of the verb ‘knew’. 

Examples of the underlined expression before the verb: 
1. And what was even more unfortunate was that millions in Amusa’s shoes only became wiser when it was too late. 

Grammatical name: Noun clauseGrammatical function: Subject of the verb ‘was’. Did you notice the preposition ‘and’ before the marker in the underlined? It is just to deceive you! The principle still applies. 

2. What we experience daily are the vicious consequences of unemployment. Grammatical name: Noun clauseGrammatical function: Subject of the verb ‘are’. 
Removal of the markers 
There are instances where the markers can be omitted. The language permits such omission. When such is the case, the same principle still applies. Let’s consider some examples. 
1. Joe thought [that] it was a tremendous idea. 

Grammatical name: Noun clauseGrammatical function: Object of the verb ‘thought’. 
2. Then, I realized [that] she was drunk. 

Grammatical name: Noun clause Grammatical function: Object of the verb ‘realized’. 
You will notice that the omission is at the object position. 
More explanations 
1. I have met the person that designed the Nigerian flag. 
2. I can see that you are very hardworking. 
Step 1: What is the marker in the underlined expression? THAT, right? 👍🏿
Step 2: Check if there is a verb in the underlined expression. Of course, there is. ‘designed’, isn’t it? Good! 
Step 3: Check the word before the marker (THAT). Is it a verb? Definitely, NO! So, the underlined expression cannot be a noun clause. In this case it is an adjectival clause. Why? Because the word before the marker (THAT) is a noun, not a verb. So, we shall proceed to write out our answer thus:
Grammatical name: Adjectival clauseGrammatical function: It qualifies the noun ‘person’. 
If it were NECO, the grammatical name remains the same but the grammatical function will be written thus:It qualifies the noun phrase ‘the person’. 
Let’s consider the next example: 
I can see that you are very hardworking. 
Step 1: Check if any of our markers is in the underlined expression. Is it? Yes! THAT. 
Step 2: Check if there is there is a verb in the underlined expression. Is there a verb in the underlined expression? Yes, there is! ‘are’ isn’t it? 
Step 3: Now check the work coming before the marker THAT. Is the word a noun? No, it is a verb. So the underlined expression will be a noun clause, not adjectival clause. You know why? Because the word coming before the marker is a verb, not a noun. Is is understood. So, we proceed to write out the answer clearly thus: 
Grammatical name: Noun clauseGrammatical function: Object of the verb ‘can see’. 
I believe you now understand the lesson, why not try to identify the grammatical names and grammatical functions of the underlined expressions in the sentences below.

Exercise

1. He had thought of the embarrassments that he would face having dumped his wife. 
2. He thought that he would be embarrassed. 
3. He hid behind the person who was absent. 
4. The teacher knew who was absent. 

5/08/2020

Hello students, hope you are keeping safe.

TOPIC: TENSES IN ENGLISH (CONTINUATION)

TYPES OF TENSES

4. The Past Continuous Tense

Uses.

1. It is used to express a past action that was in progress. e.g I was laughing when i met him.
2. It is used to show that two activities were taking place simultaneously. e.g When Mummy was cooking, Titi was playing around.

5. The Future Tense

1. The future tense is introduced with the modal auxiliaries ‘will’ and ‘shall’. e.g We will meet the Principal tomorrow.
2. The progressive form of the verb to go is also used to express the future. e.g I shall be meeting the students tomorrow

Note that the adverbial elements like ‘tomorrow’, ‘next week’, ‘next year’, are indicators of the future.

6. The Perfect Tense

This can be sub-divided into three types in terms of tense.

1. The Present Prefect Tense: This tense is indicated with the use of have and has. It is used to show an action which was completed at an unspecified time in the past. e.g I have discovered my talents.
2. The Past Perfect Tense: This tense is marked by ‘had’. It is used to indicate an action that took place before another. e.g The man has been arrested before he was interviewed.
3. The Future Perfect Tense: This Tense only shows the completing of an action that will take place in the future. It takes the form ‘shall’ or ‘will’ followed by have and the participle form of the verb. e.g We will have ended this programming by January, 199.

7. The Perfect Progressive Tense

This can also be divided into three types:

1. Present Perfect Progressive Tense: It is indicated with the use of ‘has’ or ‘have’ followed by ‘been’ and the -ing form of the verb.
2. The Past Perfect Progressive Tense: It is indicated with the use ‘had’ followed by ‘been’and the -ing form of the verb. e.g i had been writing before he came.
3. The Future Perfect Continuous Tense: This tense is used to express an action which is in progress but will be completed in the future. ‘Will’ or ‘shall’ are used then ‘have been’ followed by the -ing form of the verb. e.g I will have been holding this position for three years by this time next year.

CLASSWORK

Identify what type of tenses the following are:

1. I put my hands into my pocket.
2. Teachers are always illustrious.
3. The local government election is taking place in March this year.
4. I am busy in the kitchen
5. I used to read deep into the night in the past.
6. I was beating the drum yesterday
7. We shall decide the winner next week.
8. Mary has come down to our level.
9. I have been looking for you.
10. John had been signing the agreement form before his lawyer was informed.

3/8/2020

Hello students, hope you are keeping safe.

TOPIC: TENSE IN ENGLISH

Tense can be defined as the form of the verb which indicates the time when an action takes place.

TYPES OF TENSE IN ENGLISH

1. The Present Tense

Uses of Present Tense

1. The present tense is used to express eternal truth, which is those things that are always true in time and space. e.g The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
2. The present tense is used to express an instantaneous action, which is an action that takes place immediately. e.g I kick the ball now
3. The present tense is used to state a customary or habitual action. e.g John does not take alcohol.
4. The present tense is used to express a future action. e.g Our mid-semester examination is starting next week.

2. The Present Continuous Tense

This tense is used to indicate an action that is in progress. This is done by,

1. It is used to slate an action that is currently in progress. e.g I am writing a book.
2. It is used to express an action that is presently in progress but spans over a time limit. e.g We are studying Things Fall Apart this year

3. The Simple Past Tense

This tense is morphologically marked by the addition of -ed to the base of the verb,

1. It indicates a past action over a stated time limit e.g I met uncle Joe yesterday.
2. It is used to express a past habitual action e.g Mary always came here when she was alive.

3/8/2020

Correction

1. Complex sentence
2. Compound sentence
3. simple sentence
4. Compound sentence
5. adjective clause
6. adverb clause
7. noun clause
8. adjective clause
9. simple sentence
10. Compound sentence

29/07/2020

Good morning once again

Correction of the previous exercise

1. one independent clause
2. a subject and a verb
3. two or more independent clauses
4. a coordinating conjunction
5. I like walking but my dog likes running.
6. a dependent clause
7. a subordinating conjunction
8. because he’s funny
9. I was late because I missed my train.
10. one or more dependent clauses

Continuation

SENTENCE STRUCTURE
Pictures for more illustrations

CLASSWORK

1.	Identify the following sentence as simple, compound, or complex: We can wait here until Carlo calls us.

		(A)	simple
		(B)	compound
		(C)	complex

2.	Identify the following sentence as simple, compound, or complex: Either the engine starts, or we will remain here all night.

		(A)	simple
		(B)	compound
		(C)	complex

3.	Identify the following sentence as simple, compound, or complex: A group of my classmates studied the problem and solved it in a few minutes.

		(A)	simple
		(B)	compound
		(C)	complex

4.	Identify the following sentence as simple, compound, or complex: The old car was in fairly good operating condition, but the condition of the body was poor.

		(A)	simple
		(B)	compound
		(C)	complex

5.	Identify the type of dependent clause in the following sentence: The small streams that run through the area are loaded with fish.

		(A)	adverb clause
		(B)	adjective clause
		(C)	noun clause

6.	Identify the type of dependent clause in the following sentence: When the leaves begin to fall, we will harvest the last of our crops.

		(A)	adverb clause
		(B)	adjective clause
		(C)	noun clause

7.	Identify the type of dependent clause in the following sentence: Your sister said you haven’t slept in two or three nights.

		(A)	adverb clause
		(B)	adjective clause
		(C)	noun clause

8.	Identify the type of dependent clause in the following sentence: People who have poor diets are likely to catch colds.

		(A)	adverb clause
		(B)	adjective clause
		(C)	noun clause

9.	Identify the following sentence as simple or compound: The crew checked the ship and prepared it for sea.

		(A)	simple sentence
		(B)	compound sentence

10.	Identify the following sentence as simple or compound: We must prepare the dam, or the water will rush through.

		(A)	simple sentence
		(B)	compound sentence

Kindly input your answers in this form.

27/07/2020

CORRECTION TO REPORTED SPEECH

1. The rabbits said that they must turn the house down.
2. I told the ladies and gentlemen that I had a few words to say on the matter.
3. The blind said that if he could not see, he could hear a finger stirring.
4. The teacher said that the earth is round.
5. Henry asked if the village needed a new well.
6. Amos asked the boys if they were going away that day.
7. Bayo requested Ade stopped it, and left Olu alone.
8. Bola said, “I am going out.”
9. Stephen said, “I would not be long.”
10. Tope said, “Dotun can I borrow your book?”

27/07/2020

Good morning class. Write this in your English note

Sentence structure

In English grammar, sentence structure is the arrangement of words, phrases, and clauses in a sentence. … The most common word order in English sentences is Subject-Verb-Object (SVO). When reading a sentence, we generally expect the first noun to be the subject and the second noun to be the object

The 4 Types of Sentence Structure

Simple Sentence Structure

A simple sentence consists of one independent clause. (An independent clause contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought.)

• I like coffee.
• Mary likes tea.
• The earth goes round the sun.
• Mary did not go to the party.

Compound Sentence Structure

A compound sentence is two (or more) independent clauses joined by a conjunction or semi-colon. Each of these clauses could form a sentence alone.

• I like coffee and Mary likes tea.
• Mary went to work but John went to the party.
• Our car broke down; we came last.

There are seven coordinating conjunctions:

• and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so

Complex Sentence Structure

A complex sentence consists of an independent clause plus a dependent clause. (A dependent clause starts with a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun, and contains a subject and verb, but does not express a complete thought.)

• We missed our plane because we were late.
• Our dog barks when she hears a noise.
• He left in a hurry after he got a phone call.
• Do you know the man who is talking to Mary?

Here are some common subordinating conjunctions:

• after, although, as, because, before, how, if, once, since, than, that, though, till, until, when, where, whether, while

Here are the five basic relative pronouns:

• that, which, who, whom, whose

Compound-Complex Sentence Structure

A compound-complex sentence consists of at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.

• John didn’t come because he was ill so Mary was not happy.
• He left in a hurry after he got a phone call but he came back five minutes later.

• Tip

A dependent clause is also called a subordinate clause.

The above sentences are basic examples only. In some cases other arrangements are possible (for example, a dependent clause can come before an independent clause).

Exercises

1. A simple sentence consists of 

a) one independent thought
 b) one independent clause

2. An independent clause contains

a) a subject and a verb
 b) a subject and an object

3. A compound sentence consists of 

a) one or more independent clauses
 b) two or more independent clauses

4. Independent clauses can be joined by using

a)  a coordinating conjunction
 b) a subordinating conjunction

5. Which is a compound sentence? 

a) I like walking on the beach with my dog.
 b) I like walking but my dog likes running.

6. A complex sentence consists of

a) an independent clause plus a subordinating conjunction
b) a dependent clause

7. A dependent clause can begin with

a) a relative pronoun or a a subordinating conjunction
b)  a coordinating conjunction

8. “I like him because he’s funny.” Which is the dependent clause?

a) I like him
 b) because he’s funny

9. Which is a complex sentence?

a) I was late because I missed my train.
 b) We got up late so I missed my train.

10. A compound-complex sentence consists of two or more independent clauses and

a) one or more dependent clauses
 b) two or more dependent clauses

19/07/2020

Hello students, hope you are keeping safe.

TOPIC: REPORTED SPEECH

In a direct speech, the actual words of the speaker are repeated(quoted) without any change and such words are enclosed by inverted commas, e.g. Olu said, “I shall return to school tomorrow.”.

In an indirect or a reported speech, the words of the speaker are given in the third person with a reporting verb of saying, asking, requesting, wishing, praying, demanding, ordering, thinking, etc.

Such words are enclosed by inverted commas. e.g. Olu said that he would return to school the next day.

Rules for changing the Direct to the Indirect Speech.

1. Omit the inverted commas.
2. Put the conjunction that after a reporting verb.
3. Introduction questions with the verb of asking or inquiring.
4. Change the verb to the past tense:

• am=was
• are= were
• has=had
• have=had
• was=had been
• shall=should
• will=would
• can=could
• may=might
• have been= had been
• has been= had been

5. Change the pronoun in the first or the second person to the third:-

• I = he/she
• We = they
• You= him/her/they
• Mine = his/hers

6. Change these adverbs: –

• now = then
• today = that day
• ago = before
• here = there
• thus = so
• hence = thence
• hither = thither
• henceforth = thenceforth
• tomorrow = the next day/ the day after
• yesterday = the previous day/ the day before
• last night = the previous night/ the night before

7. Change these adjectives:-

• this = that
• these = those
• my = his/her
• our= their
• your = their/his/her

Different Direct Sentences Changed into Reported Speech.

1. Statement:

• “Olu comes here everyday”, said James.
• James said that Olu comes there everyday.

2. Question

• John said, “where are you going Tunde?”
• John asked Tunde where he was going.

3. Command:

• “Get out of this room”, said the teacher to Ade.
• The teacher ordered Ade to get out of that room.

4. Request:

• Ranti said, “Cole, please lend me your ruler.”
• Ranti requested/asked Cole to lend him his ruler.

5. Wish:

• “Good luck to you, Olu”, said Joseph.
• Joseph wished Olu good luck.

6. Exclamation:

• Olu said, “What a clever rogue the boy is!”
• Olu exclaimed that the boy was a clever rogue.

EXCERCISE

Change the following to reported speech:-

1. “We must turn the house down”, said the rabbits.
2. “Ladies and gentlemen, I have a few words to say to you on this matter”.
3. “If I cannot see, I can hear a finger stirring,” said the blind man.
4. The teacher said, “The earth is round”.
5. “The village needs a new well doesn’t it?” said Henry.
6. Amos said to the boys, “Are you going away today?”
7. “Stop it, Ade! leave Olu alone!”, said Bayo.

Change into Direct speech:-

1. . Bola said she was going out.
2. Stephen replied that he would not be long.
3. Tope asked Dotun if he might borrow his book.

CORRECTION

1. _________ the basement flooded, we spent all day cleaning up.
   1. After
   2. Although
   3. Before
   4. Even if.
2. I don’t want to go to the movies i­­­_____________ I hate the smell of popcorn.
   1. Although
   2. Because
   3. Whenever
   4. So that .
3. I paid Larry, ___________ garden design work is top-notch.
   1. Whenever
   2. Whose
   3. After
   4. If
4. ___________ spring arrives, we have to be prepared for more snow.
   1. Because
   2. Until
   3. Although
   4. Now that
5. _____________ the alarm goes off, I hit the snooze button.
   1. As soon as
   2. Because
   3. Before
   4. Now that
      B

1. She is neither polite _______ funny.
   1. Or
   2. Nor
   3. Not
   4. Yet
2. _______ that is the case, _______ I’m not surprised about what’s happening.
   1. If / then
   2. No sooner / than
   3. Scarcely / when
   4. Whether / or .
3. Have you made a decision about _______ to go to the movies _______ not?
   1. If  / then
   2. Either / or
   3. Whether / or
   4. What with / and
4. _______ had I put my umbrella away, _______ it started raining.
   1. No sooner / than
   2. If / then
   3. What with / and
   4. Neither / nor
5. This salad is _______ delicious _______ healthy./ a) whether/or b)Both / and c) Scarcely / when d) Rather / than

Correction for 13/7/2020

1. They were poor and often suffered great hardship.

2. He overslept himself and thus missed the train.

3. That coat cannot be mine, for it is too big for me.

4. As a boy he had never been to school, and therefore he had no opportunity of learning to read and write.

5. This must not happen again, or you will be dismissed.

6. He is rich, yet he is not happy.

7. Hurry up, or else you will be late.

8. He must have done his duty, for he is a conscientious man.

9. He tried hard, but he did not succeed.

10. The parents were horrified for they saw blood stains on the floor and no sign of their child.

15/7/20

Cont. of CONJUNCTION

SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION

Some conjunctions, like the subordinating conjunctions, can come at the beginning of the sentence as well. They introduce a dependent clause and join it to an independent clause. Examples of this type of conjunction: As, because, if, till, since, and when. Few sentences that show the use of the above-mentioned conjunctions are:

It is because of my parents that I can stand on my feet today.

Life has not been the same since I fell for you.

I’m sure of getting good grades because I study every day.

CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTION

The third type of conjunctions i.e correlative conjunctions are those which occur in pairs. They need to be used in the same sentence at different parts to make sense out of the sentence. Examples of these types of conjunction are: Either: or, neither: nor, both: and, not only: but also, not: but etc.

Few sentences that show the uses of the above-mentioned conjunctions are:

You can either have the cheese cake or the frozen hot chocolate.

She said she neither wanted the yogurt nor the ice cream.

I am in the mood not for ice cream but for some waffles.

Solved Question for You

Q: Meera does not like to swim, ____  she does enjoy cycling.

A. and                    B. or

C. but                       D. nor

Sol. (c) But

The sentence talks about Meera who doesn’t like to swim. Meera enjoys cycling. Since the two ideas are contrasting, we use the conjunction ‘but’ and so option C) is the correct answer.

Class Activity

1. _________ the basement flooded, we spent all day cleaning up.
   1. After
   2. Although
   3. Before
   4. Even if.
2. I don’t want to go to the movies i­­­_____________ I hate the smell of popcorn.
   1. Although
   2. Because
   3. Whenever
   4. So that .
3. I paid Larry, ___________ garden design work is top-notch.
   1. Whenever
   2. Whose
   3. After
   4. If
4. ___________ spring arrives, we have to be prepared for more snow.
   1. Because
   2. Until
   3. Although
   4. Now that
5. _____________ the alarm goes off, I hit the snooze button.
   1. As soon as
   2. Because
   3. Before
   4. Now that

Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.

1. She is neither polite _______ funny.
   1. Or
   2. Nor
   3. Not
   4. Yet
2. _______ that is the case, _______ I’m not surprised about what’s happening.
   1. If / then
   2. No sooner / than
   3. Scarcely / when
   4. Whether / or .
3. Have you made a decision about _______ to go to the movies _______ not?
   1. If  / then
   2. Either / or
   3. Whether / or
   4. What with / and
4. _______ had I put my umbrella away, _______ it started raining.
   1. No sooner / than
   2. If / then
   3. What with / and
   4. Neither / nor
5. This salad is _______ delicious _______ healthy./ a) whether/or b)Both / and c) Scarcely / when d) Rather / than

Kindly input your answers in this form below.

14/07/2020

CORRECTION TO PREFIX

1. Mismanage
2. Misuse
3. Inattentive
4. Unpopular
5. Import or Export
6. Improper
7. Incorrect
8. Dishonour
9. Illegal
10. Irreligious.

13/07/2020

Good morning everyone I hope you had a beautiful weekend.

Conjunctions: Definitions, Types, and Examples

Conjunctions are very important words used in English. You use them every day! A Conjunction is a word that joins parts of a sentence, phrases or other words together. Conjunctions are used as single words or in pairs. Example: and, but, or are used by themselves, whereas, neither/nor, either/or are conjunction pairs.

Types of Conjunctions

1. Coordinating conjunctions– are single words that join similar words or phrases or elements.
2. Subordinating conjunctions– also join similar words, phrases or elements but exist in pairs.
3. Correlative conjunctions-They are actually adverbs that are used as conjunctions.

Examples of Conjunctions: FANBOYS

Let us now understand the use of different conjunctions that we routinely use in our day-to-day communication.

• For- It is used to sight a reason or purpose. Example: I bought a new bag for my upcoming trip.
• And- It connects or adds one thing to another. Example: I love both apples and bananas. 
• Nor- It is used to indicate a negative idea to an already existing negative idea. Example: Neither the white dress nor the yellow one looks good on me.
• But- It is used to show a contrast between two items or ideas. Example: I wanted to go for a hike but I have to go to work today.
• Or- It is used to present an alternative to an already present positive idea. Example: Would you like tea or coffee?
• Yet- It is used to introduce an idea that adds something to a previous idea and is usually contrasting with it. Example: I practice daily yet I  couldn’t put up a good show yesterday.
• So- It is a conjunction that is used to indicate the effect or result of an occurrence. Example: Both parents worked hard so that their children could study in good schools.

All the above are coordinating conjunctions and are easy to remember using the pneumonic: ‘FANBOYS‘. Coordinating conjunctions never come at the beginning of a sentence.

Watch this 4 and half minutes video for a better understanding

CLASSWORK
Complete the following sentences using an appropriate coordinating conjunction.

1. They were poor, ………………. often suffered great hardship.

and but

2. He overslept himself …………………. thus missed the train.

and but

3. That coat cannot be mine, ……………… it is too big for me.

and but for

4. As a boy he had never been to school, and ………………….. he had no opportunity of learning to read and write.

therefore for yet

5. This must not happen again, ……………… you will be dismissed.

or but and

6. He is rich, ………………. he is not happy.

and therefore but

7. Hurry up, ……………….. you will be late.

and or yet

8. He must have done his duty, ……………….. he is a conscientious man.

for so therefore

9. He tried hard, ………………. he did not succeed.

but and so

10. The parents were horrified ………………. they saw blood stains on the floor and no sign of their child.

therefore for so

Kindly answer these questions in the form below.

06/07/2020

Hello students. Hope you are all keeping safe.

CORRECTION for 1/7/2020

Exercise

1. Annie and her brothers are at school.

2. Either my mother or my father is coming to the meeting.

3. The dog or the cats are outside.

4. Either my shoes or your coat is always on the floor.

5. George and Tamara don’t want to see that movie.

6. Benito doesn’t know the answer.

7. One of my sisters is going on a trip to France.

8. The man with all the birds lives on my street.

9. The movie, including all the previews, takes about two hours to watch.

10. The players, as well as the captain, want to win.

11. Either answer is acceptable.

12. Every one of those books is fiction.

13. Nobody knows the trouble I’ve seen.

14. Is the news on at five or six?

15. Mathematics is John’s favorite subject, while Civics is Andrea’s favorite subject.

16. Eight dollars is the price of a movie these days.

17. Are the tweezers in this drawer?

18. Your pants are at the cleaner’s.

19. There were fifteen candies in that bag. Now there is only one left!

20. The committee debates these questions carefully.

21. The committee members lead very different lives in private.

22. The Prime Minister, together with his wife, greets the press cordially.

23. All of the CDs, even the scratched one, are in this case.

Topic………………… PREFIX

A syllable put before a word to change its meaning is called a Prefix

Example: pure, impure; correct, incorrect.

Prefix / Meaning / Example

a / on / afloat, ashore, aside

ante / before / antedate, antenatal

bi / two/twice / bicycle, bi-plane, bisect

cir / round / circle, circumference

contra / against / contrary, contradict

de / down / degrade, defeat, descend

dia / through / diagonal, diameter

ex / out / export, expire, extend

ig / not / ignoble, ignorant

mal / badly / maltreat, malpractice

CLASSWORK

Add the appropriate prefix to the following words:

1. Manage
2. Use
3. Attentive
4. Popular
5. Port
6. Proper
7. Correct
8. Honour
9. Legal
10. Religious.

1/ 07 / 2020

CORRECTION

1. The lady in the car looks like your mother.
2. Most of the milk is gone.
3. One of the flowers has wilted.
4. Either Ram or Shyam is coming today.
5. Here is the newspaper.
6. The group of dancers is here.
7. Civics is my favorite subject. of CONCORD

Write down the note in your notebook.

Continuation of CONCORD

Rule 7

In sentences that include sums of money, periods of time or distances etc. (as a unit), use singular verbs.

Examples:

500 rupees is a high price to pay.

62 years is the minimum age of retirement.

10 kilometers is too far to walk.

Rule 8

In the case of words such as ‘a lot of’, all’, ‘some’ etc. in a sentence, pay attention to the noun after ‘of’. If the noun after ‘of’ is singular then use a singular verb, if plural, use a plural verb.

Examples:

All of the cake is gone.

All of the cakes are gone.

A lot of the cake is gone.

A lot of the cakes are gone.

Some of the cake is gone.

Some of the cakes are gone.

Rule 9

In the case of collective nouns such as ‘group, ‘population’, ‘family’, in a sentence, the verb can be singular or plural depending on their use in the sentence.

Examples:

Most of my family is here OR are here.

Half of the population was against the bill OR were against the bill.

Rule 10

Nouns such as ‘mathematics’, ‘civics’, ‘news’ etc. while plural in form, are singular in meaning and use singular verbs.

Examples:

Mathematics is very difficult for some people.

The news is very saddening.

Rule 11

In sentences that express a wish, request or contrary to fact, the word ‘were’ is used instead of ‘was.

Examples:

I wish my sister were here.

Aditya requested that she raise her glass.

Exercise

Choose the correct form of the verb that agrees with the subject.

1. Annie and her brothers (is, are) at school.

2. Either my mother or my father (is, are) coming to the meeting.

3. The dog or the cats (is, are) outside.

4. Either my shoes or your coat (is, are) always on the floor.

5. George and Tamara (doesn’t, don’t) want to see that movie.

6. Benito (doesn’t, don’t) know the answer.

7. One of my sisters (is, are) going on a trip to France.

8. The man with all the birds (live, lives) on my street.

9. The movie, including all the previews, (take, takes) about two hours to watch.

10. The players, as well as the captain, (want, wants) to win.

11. Either answer (is, are) acceptable.

12. Every one of those books (is, are) fiction.

13. Nobody (know, knows) the trouble I’ve seen.

14. (Is, Are) the news on at five or six?

15. Mathematics (is, are) John’s favorite subject, while Civics (is, are) Andrea’s favorite subject.

16. Eight dollars (is, are) the price of a movie these days.

17. (Is, Are) the tweezers in this drawer?

18. Your pants (is, are) at the cleaner’s.

19. There (was, were) fifteen candies in that bag. Now there (is, are) only one left!

20. The committee (debates, debate) these questions carefully.

21. The committee members (leads, lead) very different lives in private.

22. The Prime Minister, together with his wife, (greets, greet) the press cordially.

23. All of the CDs, even the scratched one, (is, are) in this case.

29/06/20

Good morning everyone. Hope you had a beautiful weekend.

ENGLISH CONCORD

What is concord?

When we use the word ‘concord’ in everyday speech, it means ‘agreement or harmony between people or groups’ (Oxford Dictionary).

When we use the word in the context of grammar, it has a similar meaning: grammatical agreement between two parts of a sentence.

Rule 1

The verb and subject must agree in number (singular or plural)

This means that if the subject is singular, the verb should be singular and if the subject is plural, the verb should also be plural.

Examples:

What is concord?

When we use the word ‘concord’ in everyday speech, it means ‘agreement or harmony between people or groups’ (Oxford Dictionary).

When we use the word in the context of grammar, it has a similar meaning: grammatical agreement between two parts of a sentence.

He plays football. (SINGULAR)

They play football. (PLURAL)

Rule 2

The number of the subject (singular or plural) will not change due to words/phrases in between the subject and the verb.

Examples:

One of the glasses is empty. (Here, since the subject is ‘one’, the verb should be ‘is’).

The bouquet of red roses smells so sweet. (Here, since ‘bouquet’ is the subject and not ‘roses’, the verb should be ‘smells’ and not ‘smell’)

Rule 3

Subjects that are joined by ‘and’ in a sentence, use a plural verb. Subjects that are joined by ‘either/or’, neither/nor’ use a singular verb.

Examples:

Radha and Meera are coming home.

Neither Akshay nor Rohit is coming home.

My dad or my mom is arriving today.

Rule 4

The verb in a sentence containing ‘or’, ‘either/or’, ‘neither/nor’ agrees with the noun or pronoun closest to it.

Examples:

Neither the shoes nor the bag matches the dress. (Here, ‘bag’ is closest to the verb, hence ‘matches’)

Neither the bag nor the shoes match the dress. (Here, ‘shoes’ is closest to the verb, hence ‘match’)

Rule 5

When the subject is followed by words such as ‘as well as’, ‘along with’, ‘besides’, ‘not’ etc. ignore them and use a singular verb if the subject is singular.

Examples:

Matt, as well as his dog, is expected shortly.

Pratik, along with his brother, is going to school.

Rule 6

In sentences that begin with ‘here’, ‘there’, the true subject usually follows the verb.

Examples:

Here are the chocolates.

There is a big puddle on the road.

Class activity

Question: Choose the correct subject verb combinations in the sentences below.

1. The lady in the car (look/looks) like your mother.
2. Most of the milk (is/are) gone.
3. One of the flowers (has/have) wilted.
4. Either Ram or Shyam (is/are) coming today.
5. Here (is/are) the newspaper.
6. The group of dancers (is/are) here.
7. Civics (is/are) my favorite subject. Civics (is/are) my favorite subject.

Please, copy this in your English note

Kindly provide your answers in this form below.

CORRECTION for the previous lesson

• 1 i) The dictionary gives meanings of words ii) It gives spelling of words iii) it gives correct pronunciation of word.
• 2. continuous. /kêntinju/
• accommidation /êkómêdeiSn/
• appaling. /êpó:ling/
• embarrass. /imbærês/
• receive. /risi:v/
• occasion. /êkeiSn/
• pronunciation. /prênñnsieiSn/
• dinings. dainingz

• writing. /raiting/
• beginning. /bigining/
• maintenance. /meintênêns/
• grievances. /gri:vensis/
• professor. / prêfesê(r)/
• lieutenant. /leftenênt/
• occurred /êk3:d/
• please, note that some sounds are written otherwise, this is due to the limited symbols on my device, thank you.
• 2. a) hand handy hard heart heat

b) photogenic photograph photographer photographic photography

c ) scholar school should shoulder solid

d) strange stranger student studious study

e) gorgeous gorilla grand great group

22/06/2020

Hello Students. Welcome to another week. Hope you are keeping safe.

TOPIC: ONE WORD FOR A SENTENCE OR PHRASE

Albumen — The white part of an egg

Antidote — A medicine that acts against poison

Aquarium — A place where fish or fishes are kept

Atheist — One who does not believe in existence of God

Autobiography — The story of a man’s life written by himself

Braggart — One who is always boasting

Brewery — A place where beer is brewed

Biography — The story of a person’s life written by someone else

Centenarian — One who is 100 years old

Crew — People who work in a ship or aircraft

Duet/Due — A piece of music for two performance

Dynamo — A device which converts mechanical energy to electrical.

Egotist — One who talks too much about one’s self

Hermit — One who decides to live alone

Host — One who entertains a guest or visitor

Infantry — Soldiers who fight on foot

Journalist — One who writes for newspapers of magazines

Linguist — One who knows several foreign languages

Martyr — A person killed for his religion

Miser — One who saves and hoards money

CLASSWORK

What do we call the following:

1. A fertile piece of land in the desert
2. A small leaf
3. An ungrateful person
4. Unable to read or write
5. Soldiers fighting on horseback

17/06/2020

Good morning once again, we thank God for another beautiful day. I want to believe you enjoyed the last class, though with a little stress. Never mind, I want to believe as well that you would have learnt something new all the same. It’s fun when you try something new.

NOSEC SSBK1 pages 198-200

Write in your English note. (Note that your schwa sound was written differently for the sake of typing)

CORRECTION TO THE SPELLING CHALLENGE

	Word	Transcription	Meaning
	Across	ękros	From one side to the other
	Succeed	sęksi:d	To achieve something you have been trying to do or get
	Offered	ofę(r)d	To say that you are willing to do something
	Commission	kęmiSn	An official group of people who have been given responsibility to control something, usually for the government.
	Admission	ędmiSn	The act of accepting somebody into an institution , organization
	Harass	hæręs	To annoy or worry somebody by putting pressure on them or saying or doing unpleasant things to them.
	Dining	dainig	To take dinner
	Referee	refęri:	A person who gives information about your character and ability.
	Decision Chief	disiZn tSi:f	A choice or judgement that you make after thinking and talking about what is the best thing to do A person with a high rank

Today’s class

Continuation of SPELLING CHALLENGE/ WORD VOCABULARY and PRONUNCIATION

The dictionary is very useful in the field of knowledge, we cannot do without it if we really have to learn appropriately. The dictionary is used for different things which have been analyzed in your English text on pages 198 -200. Study this and ask questions if you have any on the WhatsApp group chat https://chat.whatsapp.com/DXZ3qcMEyyRIQsb9ahGYQq

Class Activity

1. From what you have studied, state the function of a dictionary.

2. Using your NOSEC WORKBOOK and DICTIONARY, write the words i- xv on page 107 correctly and transcribe them.

3. Put the words in each row in alphabetical order:
a) handy hard hand heat heart
b) photography photographic photograph photographer photogenic
c) shoulder school scholar should solid
d) strange study student studious stranger
e) gorilla great grand gorgeous group

Kindly provide your answers in this form below.

15/06/2020

Good morning everyone, hope you had a beautiful weekend. We really thank God. Now back to work

CORRECTION TO SPECIALIZED LOAN WORDS AND THEIR AFFIXES

1. C
2. B
3. D
4. A
5. B
6. B
7. C
8. homo-
9. extra-
10. sub-

SPELLING CHALLENGE/ WORD VOCABULARY and PRONUNCIATION

Arrange these letters to form meaningful words commonly misspelt on page 211 of your English text.
Transcribe them and write out their dictionary meanings. Make sure you are able to register the meanings and pronunciations of at least 5 of them in your mind.

1. SORSCA
2. EECCUSD
3. FREEDFO
4. NMICOMSSIO
5. NOIIMDSSA
6. AASSRH
7. GNNIID
8. EREREFE
9. SIICOEND
10. EICHF
    You have your word clue on page 211 of your NOSEC SS Bk1; Vocabulary Development.

EXAMPLE

Word	Transcription	Meaning
school	/sku:l/	An organization that provides instruction

10/06/2020

Hello students.

TOPIC………………. CONTINUATION OF SPECIALIZED LOAN WORDS AND MEANINGS.

(write these notes 1st and 2nd in your English note)

WORDS AND AFFIXES

ambi – both,double e.g ambiguous,ambivalent

ante – before, in front of e.g anteroom, anteroom

anti – opposed to e.g anti-social, anti-hero

astro – of outer spaces e.g astronomy, astronaut

audio – of hearing e.g audio-visual, audio-frequency

bi – occuring twice in a period e.g bi-annual, bi-monthly

bio – of living organisms e.g biography, biotic, biology

centi – a hundred e.g centenary

co – together e.g co-education ,co-habit

contra – against e.g contradict

cracy – government or rule by e.g democracy, theocracy

de – opposite of e.g defuse, depopulate

demi – partly e.g demigod

di – double e.g dilemma

dia – across e.g diameter, diagonal

equi – the same e.g equidistant, equivalent

ex – former e.g ex-wife, ex-president

extra – outside e.g extramural

-fold – multiplied by e.g tenfold, hundredfold

fore – before, in front of e.g foretell, foreground

-gamy – of marriage e.g monogamy, polygamy, bigamy

homo – the same e.g homosexual

hyper – extreme degree e.g hypertension

inter – between e.g international

intra – inside e.g intravenous

-logy – branch of learning e.g biology, zoology

matri – of mother e.g matricide, matricide

mono – one e.g monogamy’

multi – many e.g multi-colored

poly – many e.g polygamy

pysch – of the mind e.g psychiatry, psychology

semi – half, partially e.g semi-final, semi-circular

super- above, superior to e.g superstructure, superhuman

trans – across e.g trans-atlantic, trans-sahara

uni – one, the same e.g unisex, uniform

CLASSWORK

1. He shouted _______ after finding his book. a. praise the Lord b. Halleuyah c. eureka d. de-facto
2. Mr Aina is a _______ member of the group a. cadre b. bona-fide c. important d. miserable.
3. The lecturer frowned at the students _______ attitude to his studies a. useless b. unbecoming c. laissez-faire d. malaise
4. The girl’s ______ will be visiting next week. a. fiance b. fiancee c. wife d. girlfriend
5. He must be the _____ since he is in charge of training the new recruited cook. a. supervisor b. chef c. trainer d. cook
6. My wife follows the current tends in fashion. She loves to wear dreeses that are ________ a. avant-garde b. a’ la mode c. to match d. flowery
7. The visting Heads of States will issue a _______ after their meeting at Abuja a. release b. announcement c. communique d. press release

Underline the specialized loan affixes

kindly join us on WhatsApp for information and questions through this link https://chat.whatsapp.com/DXZ3qcMEyyRIQsb9ahGYQq

08/06/2020

Hello students. Hope you are all keeping safe.

kindly join us on WhatsApp for information and questions through this link https://chat.whatsapp.com/DXZ3qcMEyyRIQsb9ahGYQq

1. ago. ëgëu
2. driver. draivë(r)
   3. doctor. doktë(r)
   4. about. ëbaut
   5. fatal. feitl
   6. contact. kontækt
   7. finish. finiS
   8. example. igza:mpl
   9. determine. dit3:min
   10. syllable. silëbl

Please, note that your schwa sound is written in this form only for the sake of online teaching.

Today’s teaching

TOPIC : SPECIALIZED LOAN WORDS AND THEIR MEANINGS

WORD AND MEANING

a la mode – fashionable

bona fide – in good fate; sincerely, geniune.

cadre – key people with leadership role

chef – senior cook

cliche – overused phase of saying

communique – official report or announcement

coup d’etat – violence takeover of government

de facto – in fact, in reality

de ja vu – seen before

errata – errors, mistakes in writing or printing.

en masse – as a whole, wholly

en route – on the way

ecetera(etc) – and so on

eureka – I have found it

exempli gratia (e.g.) – for example

ex- officio – by virtue of ones office

fiance – a man who is engaged to be married

fiancee – a woman who is engaged to be married

finesse – subtle skill

grand prix – main price

grand finale – event of greatest importance

impasse – an insoluble problem

in memorian – to the memory of

in toto – all, entirely

ipso-facto – the fact itself

laissez faire – carefree, inaction

modus operandi – manner of working

milieu – environment, atmosphere of a place

nota bene(N.B) – note wel

par excellence – pre-eminently; the best possible example

pari passu – at the same rate or place

parse – by itself

post mortem – after death

rendezvous – a meeting place

respondez s’ll vous plait (R.S.V.P) – please reply

rapport – a relationship

tete-a-tete – secret private conversion between two people.

versus – against

via – by way of

vice versa – the other way round.

03/06/2020

CORRECTION

I have to commend you all for a good job. Almost everyone scored 100%

1. High, Night, Bought, Caught, Sigh
2. Would, Should, Calf, Half, Talk
3. Knife, Know, Knock, Knee, Knot
4. Biscuit, Circuit, Disguise, Guilt, Guitar
5. Receipt, Psalm, Pneumonia, Psychic, Coup
6. Autumn, Column, Damn, Hymn, Condemn
7. Write, Wreak, Wrest, Wrist, Two
8. Daughter, Naughty, Bough, Dough, Though
9. Castle, Teeth, Listen, Christmas, Ballet
10. Island, Aisle, Debris, Precis, Chassis

SPOKEN ENGLISH

ENGLISH SOUNDS

VOWEL AND CONSONANT SOUNDS

Welcome back, today’s topic is still a revision on Spoken English. I want to believe these visuals will help your understanding of sounds the more.

What are Consonant Sounds

All the letters of the alphabet can be divided into two basic categories: vowels and consonants. A vowel is a speech sound produced by a relatively open configuration of the vocal tract, with the vibration of the vocal cords but without audible friction. Consonant sounds are the opposite of the vowel sounds. It is a speech sound in which the breath is at least partly obstructed.

All the letters apart from the five letters a,e, i, o and u are known as consonants. A consonant letter in the alphabet usually represents a consonant sound; however, some consonants like c,g,s can represent more than one consonant sound. For example, note the difference in pronunciation between [c] in cat /kat/ and [c] in cease /siːs/.

There are 21 consonant letters in the English language and 24 consonant sounds in most English accents. A consonant has to be linked to a vowel to make a syllable. (A syllable is a unit of pronunciation, and all words are made of at least one syllable.)

Types of Consonant Sounds

Consonant sounds are produced by blocking the air when it moves through the mouth. There are different types of consonant sounds. Consonants can be grouped into two major groups: voiced and unvoiced consonants.

Voiced Consonants:

Voiced consonants make sound using the vibration of the vocal folds in the larynx. The easiest way to identify a voiced consonant is to place your finger on your throat. If you feel a vibration, then the consonant is voiced. [b], [d], [l],[r] are some examples of voiced consonants.

Unvoiced Consonants:

There is no vibration in unvoiced consonants. They make sound using the movement of air through parts of your mouth. [p], [t], [k] and,[s] are some examples of unvoiced consonants.

Plosive: The consonant is produced by stopping the flow of air at some point and suddenly releasing it. [p], [t], [k] are voiceless plosives whereas [b], [d], [ɡ] are voiced plosives.

Fricative: A consonant that is made when you squeeze air through a small hole or gap in your mouth. [s], [z], [ʃ],[f] and [ʒ] are examples of fricatives.

Nasal: A consonant that is produced through the nose with the mouth closed. [n] and [m] are examples of nasal consonants in English.

Approximant: A consonant produced by narrowing but not blocking the vocal tract, as by bringing two parts of the mouth closer.(Ex: tongue and the roof of the mouth).

Try and compare this with the consonant chart in your note

Consonant Sounds – Summary

• A consonant sound is a basic speech sound that is produced by obstructing the breath in the vocal tract.
• There are 21 consonant letters in the English language and 24 consonant sounds.
• A consonant has to be linked to a vowel to make a syllable.
• Voice and unvoiced consonants are the major two types of consonants.
• In addition, consonants can be further divided into plosives, fricatives, nasals, etc. depending on their pronunciation.

Watch this 7:46mins video and make a note from it. If you have a question, do not hesitate to contact me.

These pictures will be of great use to you as well.

Vowel Sounds – Summary

• A vowel can be defined as a speech sound produced by a relatively open configuration of the vocal tract, with the vibration of the vocal cords but without audible friction.
• The letters A, E, I, O and U (sometimes Y) represent the 20 vowel sounds in English.
• Vowels can be classified according to the manner and place of articulation.

IPA	Examples
ʌ	truck, up
ɑ:	calm, father,
æ	cat, rack
e	met, said
ə	array, survey
əː	burn, learn
ɪ	sit, admit
i:	agree, me
ɒ	hot, allot
ɔ:	all, law, more
ʊ	foot, put, could
u:	brood, include, blue
ʌɪ	five, eye
aʊ	allow, out
eɪ	stray, eight
oʊ	home, go
ɔɪ	destroy, join
ɛə	affair, where,
ɪə	adhere, near
ʊə	cure, tourist

01/06/2020

Good morning everyone, happy new month, it shall be a month of victory and celebration for us in Jesus’ name. I am happy to have you back on this platform after the weekend. Please, get ready your writing materials to jot down some necessary things from this 8:23min video. Thank you.

(The correction for the last class is below this lesson.)

SPOKEN ENGLISH

Silent Letters

English is not a phonetic language but by and large there is a direct relationship between the spelling of a word and its sound. However, there are words which are not pronounced the same way they are written. For instance, PREY and PRAY are pronounced similarly but spelled differently and WIND is a word that conveys two totally different meanings and is also pronounced two totally different ways!.

The English language is peculiar as far as its grammar is concerned and there is a class of words which have some letters in their spellings which are not pronounced. These are the silent letter words. Here are some examples:

DOUBT is a word in which the sound of B is not made use of in the pronunciation.
KNEW is a word in which the sound of K is not pronounced.
SOLEMN is a word in which the sound of N is not pronounced.

You are to note that there are only four words of initial silent letter ‘H’ in English. They are: 1. Hour 2. Honest 3. Heir and 4. Honour as well as their derivations e.g honourary, honesty, hourly and many more. All other words starting with ‘H’ are not silent. Therefore, they attract the ‘a’ article, e.g a horse, a hoe etc.

In case you are not able to watch this video, do not mind, just study this picture.

CLASS WORK

1. Choose the group of words that has a silent G from the four options.

High, Night, Bought, Caught, Sigh

Wagon, Sugar, Gone, Guess, Dug

Fog, Twig, Slug, Fig, Dig

August, Baggage, Begin, Bigger, Cougar

2.

Choose the group of words that has a silent L from the four options.

Please, Place, Play, Globe, Glitter

Would, Should, Calf, Half, Talk

Owl, Hill, Pencil, Towel, Wheel

Olive, Jelly, Shoelace, Elbow, Elephant

3.

Choose the group of words that has a silent K from the four options.

Knife, Know, Knock, Knee, Knot

Handkerchief, Work, Crack, Park, Sky

Kick, Kid, Kiss, Kill, King

Key, Kangaroo, Kind, Kettle, Kilogram

4.

Choose the group of words that has a silent U from the four options.

Uniform, Unit, Union, United, Amuse

Cruise, Round, Prune, You, Mouse

Fuse, Abuse, Due, Plume, Pound

Biscuit, Circuit, Disguise, Guilt, Guitar

5.

Choose the group of words that has a silent P from the four options.

Receipt, Psalm, Pneumonia, Psychic, Coup

Pizza, Pirate, Sheep, Hoop, Cup

Happy, Paper, Sleep, Soap, Pacific Ocean

Papaya, Package, Grasshopper, Apology, Separate

6.

Choose the group of words that has a silent N from the four options.

Firmness, Nap, Knife, Neck, Nine

Autumn, Column, Damn, Hymn, Condemn

Pony, Dinner, Rain, Animal, Canary

China, Moon, Train, Man, Green

7. Autumn, Column, Damn, Hymn, Condemn 7.. Write, Wreak, Wrest, Wrist, Two 8. Daughter, Naughty, Bough, Dough, Though9. Castle, Teeth, Listen, Christmas, Ballet 10. Island, Aisle, Debris, Precis, Chassis

Choose the group of words that has a silent W from the four options.

Wait, Walk, Wall, Want, Warm

Hardware, Software, Hawaii, Window, Awake

Write, Wreak, Wrest, Wrist, Two

Pathway, Reward, Sidewalk, Worldwide, Water

8.

Choose the group of words that has a silent H from the four options.

Heart, Height, Downhill, Fishhook, Helmet

Handshake, Hop, Hope, Horse, Hanger

Daughter, Naughty, Bough, Dough, Though

Redhead, Reheat, Seahorse, Uphill, Rehearsal

9.

Choose the group of words that has a silent T from the four options.

Tub, But, Late, Teach, Tomato

Ticket, Trick, Attitude, Button, Today

Tissue, Toaster, Tornado, Hot, Bite

Castle, Teeth, Listen, Christmas, Ballet

10.

Choose the group of words that has a silent S from the four options.

Fossil, Beside, Insect, Eraser, House

Purse, Miss, Scoop, Slant, Smart

Island, Aisle, Debris, Precis, Chassis

Bus, Pass, Save, Sad, Sand

KINDLY PROVIDE YOUR ANSWERS IN THE FORM BELOW, THANK YOU

No Fields Found.

CORRECTION FOR PATTERNS

1. SPOA
2. SPOA
3. SPCA
4. SPOC
5. SPO
6. SPO
7. SPC
8. SPO
9. SPO
10. SP

CORRECTION TO SENTENCES PATTERNS/ELEMENTS

1. A cat
2. A cat
3. Played
4. Was
5. Me(indirect object), gift(direct object)
6. Cup(direct object), her(indirect object)
7. The president
8. Dead
9. Last week
10. Well.

27/05/2020.

Continuation of Sentences.

TOPIC…….. PATTERNS.

Sentences have different patterns depending on a particular sentence. For example, there are patterns such as:

SP – Subject Predicate

SPA – Subject Predicate Adjunct

SPC – Subject Predicate Compliment

SPO – Subject Predicate Object

SPOA -Subject Predidate Object Adjunct

SPOO – Subject Predicate Object Object

SPCA – Subject Predicate Compliment Adjunct

1. Human beings eat. SP.
2. I sing . SP
3. John closed the door. SPO
4. Uncle Akin beat his students. SPO.
5. Buhari is the President. SPC
6. I became the best candidate. SPC.
7. Jide bought his son a car. SPOO.
8. Akin brings his daughter always. SPOA
9. Nigerians elected Buhari President SPOC
10. I consider him intelligent. SPOC.

CLASS WORK.

Analyse the sentences below:

1. They eat rice all the time
2. The policemen killed the thief slowly
3. Buhari became the president suddenly.
4. I consider him intelligent.
5. The student killed the viper.
6. The commandant beat the boy.
7. Deji seems intelligent.
8. That teacher worked the sum.
9. Olu drove the car.
10. I pray.

CORRECTION TO LAST LESSON

1. Education. _Education
2. equipment. _equipment
3. furniture. _ furniture
4. datum. _ data
5. index. _indices,indexes
6. indices. (a plural)
7. genius _ geniuses, genii
8. lexicon. _Lexicons, lexica
9. scissors. _Scissors
10. spectacles _ spectacles
11. woman-teacher _ women_teachers
12. mischief. _ mischiefs
13. major-general _ major generals
14. larva. _ larvae
15. advice _ advice

CORRECTION OF THE LAST LESSON

1. Donkey. _ Mare
2. drake. _Duck
3. gander. _Goose
4. stallion (horse). _ Mare
5. auditor. _ Auditress
6. emperor. _Empress
7. giantess. (Feminine)
8. shepherd. _Shepherdess
9. duck. (Feminine)
10. tutor. _Governess

25/05/2020

Hello Dear students.

Hope you are all keeping safe.

Topic……. SENTENCE PATTERNS/ELEMENTS.

Sentence structure(apart from the simple division into subject and predicate) has the following elements:

Subject – S

Verb/Predicator – P

Object – O

Complement – C

Adjunct – A

SUBJECT: This is the DOER of an action. it is the word or group of words the writer or speaker is talking about. it usually occurs at the beginning of a sentence. However, it can come at the middle or the end of the sentence.

Examples :

A dog appeared in the bush. (at the beginning)

In the bush, appeared a dog. (at the end)

In the bush, a dog appeared. (in the middle)

VERB/PREDICATOR: This element shows what somebody or something does, or the state of being. It is the element that gives meaning to the sentence. It can simply be called an action word.

EXAMPLES:

Mr Oluwole is a teacher.

Tope kicked the ball.

OBJECT: The object tells us what receives directly or indirectly the action of verb. It is simply called the receiver of an action in a sentence. It may be a noun, pronoun or any indirect object. Where both occur in a sentence, the indirect object comes before direct object.

EXAMPLE:

My teacher gave me a book.

When the positions (indirect and direct) are reversed, “to” or “for” precedes the indirect object.

EXAMPLES:

My teacher gave a book to me

I bought a present for my son

COMPLEMENTS: The complement completes the meaning of a sentence by describing/explaining the subject or object. A complement is referred to as subject complement when it describes the subject.

EXAMPLE

Jumoke is beautiful.

ADJUNCT: Adjunct is otherwise known as an adverb because it performs the function of adverb in a sentence. it may be a word or a group of words such as a pure adverb, a noun or a prepositional phrase.

EXAMPLE

John is reading in the room. (prepositional phrase as adjunct)

CLASSWORK

Underline the subject in these sentences:

A cat suddenly appeared

Suddenly a cat appeared.

Underline the verb/predicator in these sentences:

Dele played the piano

Amelia was sick.

Underline the object (indirect and direct) in these sentences:

She bought me a gift

The man gave a cup to her.

Underline the complements in these sentences:

Oladipo became the president.

The doctor confirmed the patient dead.

Underline the adjunct in these sentences:

My parents left last week.

Happiness reads well.

20/5/20. ENGLISH LANGUAGE SS1

Good morning class, I want to believe you had a nice time during the last lesson. Here is the correction to the comprehension excercise.

CORRECTION

COMPREHENSION PASSAGE on page 161 of the English NOSEC SS1

Eat Green Beans

1. It is a study in which the diet consumed is compared to the development of diseases in an individual for a period . (2mks)
2. (i) It lowers the risk of developing any type of cancer (ii) it provides healthy aging process (2mks)
3. Cataract is a clouding of the eye’s lens that affects vision. (2mks)
4. The eating of fruits, vegetables and whole grains rich in antioxidants will reduce the incidence of cataract. (2mks)
5. (i) It helps to control blood sugar levels. (ii) It keeps the digestive system in good working order. (iii) The folic acid produced by green beans helps to prevent anaemia during pregnancy. (3mks)
6. People who have health challenges related to kidney or gall bladder. (2mks)
7. (i) Noun phrase (ii) It is the subject of the verb phrase ‘help prevent’. (2mks)
8. (i) types – kinds (ii) consume – take, eat (iii) impairs – obstructs, disturbs (iv) necessary – vital, needed, important. (v) in addition – also, furthermore (5mks)

After marking, score yourself all over 20marks

If you scored 15mrks and above out of 20, you have a thumb up, otherwise try harder next time. Thank you.

Today’s class work
NOUN

Singular and plural nouns

Provide the plural forms of these nouns

1. Education
2. equipment
3. furniture
4. datum
5. index
6. indices
7. genius
8. lexicon
9. scissors
10. spectacles
11. woman-teacher
12. mischief
13. major-general
14. larva
15. advice

Indicate the feminine gender of these words

1. Donkey
2. drake
3. gander
4. stallion
5. auditor
6. emperor
7. giantess
8. shepherd
9. duck
10. tutor
    Provide your answers in this form provided

No Fields Found.

Welcome back everyone; I hope you are still enjoying your unending holiday. We thank God for the privilege He has given us to witness today hale and hearty. May we never recount any loss to this noisome pestilence In Jesus’ name.

Please, stay safe all the time, always do the needful and avoid the unnecessary at this period. We shall all come out of this trying period singing, dancing and rejoicing.
At this juncture, feel free to ask questions.

Behavioural Objectives

By the end of this lesson, students are expected to be able to :

1. list and identify comprehension strategies.
2. apply comprehension strategies to text.
3. identify the grammatical name and function of the underlined expression.
4. substitute words with another word or phrase.

COMPREHENSION REVISION

Comprehension is the art of reading, understanding and analyzing any written sign, communication codes or text (words). We shall focus directly on comprehension as an aspect of public and school examination in this lesson. The following are some of the patterns of structuring comprehension passages and tests in English, in general.

1. Direct Questions

These are questions which do not have to do with any technique. The answer to a direct question is usually in the passage. A direct question will be any of the following:

“What is cataract?”

“How can the incidence of cataracts be reduced?”

“State 3 benefits of eating green beans”

You will discover that the answers to these questions are in the passage under which they appear.

Approach

This general approach is used for all questions under comprehension. This is a step-by-step method which you must follow as they appear:

# Read all the questions under the passage;

# Understand them and try not to forget them;

# Read the passage for the first time;

# Go back to the questions one-by-one trying to find answers of yours;
# You should be able to say why you feel that your answer is right. You should give evidence for each answer.

2. FIGURE OF SPEECH QUESTION

This type of question is to test your ability to recognize literary devices as they are used. A figure of speech is a statement in style; it means more than what you write or brings reality to your idea. Here are just few examples

Simile,

Metaphor,

Irony,

personification and many more.

3. GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION QUESTIONS

Two questions are usually asked; they are:

(a) grammatical name and (b) function of the grammatical expression

First: state the form, that is, the grammatical name given to that statement- is it a noun/ noun phrase/ noun clause, adjectival phrase/ clause, adverbial phrase/clause.
Second: function refers to the work the statement performs in the sentence where it appears. Function may refer to whether the statement is the subject,object, complement or apposition of the noun clause/ phrase. It may, in the case of adverbial, function as modifying the verb and in the case of adjective, function as qualifying the noun.

Answer comprehension questions a-h on pages 160 and 161 of your English text.

Kindly answer the questions in the form below;

No Fields Found.

Enjoy laying your hands on this puzzle

• 

Adverbs can modify verbs and other words in many different ways. One specific type of adverb is an adverb of manner. If you are thinking that these adverbs are about minding your manners by saying please or thank you, think again! Adverbs of manner tell how something happens. Here’s an example:

If you are unable to access the video, all that is discussed in the video is explained below

We shall be covering the following topics and we will do our best to follow the time allocated for each topic.

If there is need however, we might take more time to deal with each topic till you have a sound understanding of it.

All classwork/ assignments issued at the end of the lesson must be submitted through the submission link below.

Instructor: Elizabeth Hance

Elizabeth has taught elementary and middle school special education, and has a master’s degree in reading education.

Cite this lesson

In this lesson, you will learn how to identify, make, and use a specific part of speech: adverbs of manner. Adverbs of manner can add detail to your writing by telling how things happen.

What’s an Adverb?

An adverb is a specific part of speech. You probably noticed that the root of the word is ‘verb.’ This is because adverbs most commonly modify, or add to or tell more about, verbs. Adverbs, however, can also modify other parts of speech, including adjectives and other adverbs.

Many adverbs are easy to make or recognize because they follow a simple formula:

Adverbs can modify verbs and other words in many different ways. One specific type of adverb is an adverb of manner. If you are thinking that these adverbs are about minding your manners by saying please or thank you, think again! Adverbs of manner tell how something happens. Here’s an example:

Here are some examples that follow that formula:

• Quick + ly = quickly
• Loud + ly = loudly
• Soft + ly = softly

Be careful when trying to use this formula for any adjective, however. Many common adjectives do NOT end in -ly:

• Well
• Hard
• Almost
• Quite

Mind Your Manners

• The actress in the horror film screamed loudly.

In this example, the adverb is loudly. It tells how, or in what manner, the actress screamed.

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