SS 1 CIVIC EDUCATION – KnowledgeMerchant

09/09/2020

Topic: How good leaders can protect the interest of their followers

By using constituency allowance or allocations judiciously through embarking on laudable projects.
By providing social and infrastructural amenities that will make life more comfortable for the masses.
By placing service to humanity and mankind above personal gain and self interest.
By protecting their fundamental human rights and allowing them to exercise their freedom.
By making and enacting good laws and passing bills that will encourage their followers to partake and participate in politics.
By providing good leadership and leading by example.
By fighting and defending the right of the masses on the floor of the assembly.

How to Control Leaders who fail to protect followers in their communities

Writing Petitions: A petition is a formal written request signed by many people appealing to the authority in respect 0f a cause. A petition shows the leaders in power that the followers care concerned about certain issues and they are closely monitoring such issues as they bother or affect them.
Initiating a Recall or lobbying an Impeachment or Passing Vote of No confidence: A recall is a process whereby an elected official is subjected to an election which can lead to loss of office before his or her term expires. If a required number or percentage of the electorate votes against him/her such a candidate will be recalled from the office. Impeachment on the other hand is a formal accusation of wrongdoing that can lead to removal from office.
Through the activities of Pressure groups and civic societies: Citizens can control the president or governor as the case may be and possibly make him/her plan of action through collaborating with pressure groups and civil societies that shed their ideas or sympathise with their cause. These groups in turn will take actions such as staging rallies, strikes, civil disobedience etc.
Through the use of political Parties: Criticism and pressure from an active opposition party can make leaders become active and responsive to the demands of the people.
Use of the Media: Citizens can carry out a propaganda campaign through the media which in turn lets the general public know about the unwillingness of the leaders to protect their followers.

Question

Good leaders can protect the interest of their followers. Explain

02/09/2020

Hello good students.

Topic: Ways of Minimizing Political Apathy.

Political Education: Education that relates to politics should be given to the people which can bring enlightenment of the citizens for them to know and actualize their political rights.
Universal adult suffrage: This is the age at which a citizen is qualified to vote at any election. People should not be denied of this right on flimsy excuse.
Equal Political Opportunities: Everyone should be given equal political opportunities to take part in government and contest for any position in government. This encourages people to take part in government.
Multi-party system: The constitution should encourage the existence of many political parties so that citizens can participate in government by joining the party of their choice.
Rule of Law: The law of the state should prevail over all citizens as well of observance of the idea of equality before the law. This may encourage people to venture into politics.

26/08/2020

Hello dear students,

Topic: REASONS WHY LEADERS FAIL TO PROTECT THE INTEREST OF THEIR FOLLOWERS

A leader is someone who plans, directs, co-ordinates and harmonises the followers to accomplish a goal. An appointed or elected person leads the people to achieve a task of common interest. A true leader exhibits the attributes of full sacrifice, responsibility, service to humanity and selflessness.

The reasons why political leaders fail to protect the interest of their followers are due to the following:

Selfishness: this is the act of caring about oneself rather than caring about other people. A country with self-hearted or self-centred leaders cannot grow to the desired highest level.
Party Interest: A political situation where a politician is expected to act or vote on an issue not based on merit but on party dictates, suggestion or decision. Often times, many leaders succumb to the dictates their party and godfathers whom they think they owe allegiance to at the detriment of the people who elected them into office.
Lack of focus: There are no clear cut programmes or agenda even before contesting. Therefore, it is impossible to satisfy their followers since they neither have a vision nor mission.
Greed: This means excessive desire for wants and not to meet their wants. Wants are unnecessary acquisition and accumulation of wealth boosting ego, while needs are essential and not extravagant.
Poverty: Many politicians?leaders see their positions as an avenue to bid farewell to poverty.
Societal or Family influence: The society and family also share in the blame. Once someone is elected or appointed into leadership position, friends and family will offer different kinds of advice. For example, to siphon public funds or loot the treasury. At the same time, they seek impossible offers. If the individual declines, they tag him/her with different names.
Corruption and Bribery: In the society we live in, corruption and bribery is the order of the day. This gives room to social and civil crisis. Political leaders often bargain with contractors to inflate their prices or quotation.
Manipulation to position of power: Many of our political leaders bribe their ways through position of authority. They see politics as pure business, thereby viewing public offices as investments where they can make profit.
Political Bias: Many of our political leaders are biased in the treatment and allocation of resources to the areas where their political opponents reside.
Personal Interest: Some of our political leaders place personal interest above national interest and services. They quickly forget the oath of office they swore to abide.

Questions

Who is a leader?
Discuss three reasons why leaders fail to protect the interest of their followers.

19/08/2020

Hello students. Hope you are all doing fine.

TOPIC……….. RULE OF LAW

The rule of law means supremacy of the law over all citizens, equality before the law and respect for fundamental human rights.

Measures taken by major ethnic groups to safeguard the rule of the minorities

Revenue allocation:- The sharing formula should be fair to both the major and minor tribes so the there will be equality, justice and fair play.
Leadership roles:- The minorities should be free to aspire to any leadership position because the country belongs to all of us. Credible and qualified minority people should be appointed to respectable positions in government.
Creation of states:- In the process of creating new states out of the existing ones, viable minority communities should be considered.This will promote their involvement in government and bring development to their doorsteps.
Inter marriages:- This should be encouraged between the major and minor tribes so that they can live in harmony and promote national unity.
Introduction of unity schools:– These are schools established by federal government, mostly secondary schools in which children from all ethnic groups are considered for admission without bias.

Conditions that may hinder the application of the rule of law

The type of government:- The type of government adopted in a country, for instance, military rule and one party system of government that tends to be autocratic and dictatorial act has serious limitation to the application of the rule of law.
Partial judiciary:- The rule of law may also be limited by partial judiciary or lack of independence of judiciary.
Obnoxious law:- Many enacts obnoxious laws that empower the head of state to arrest and detain citizens without trial and this limits the application of the rule of law.
State of emergency:– When there is declaration of state of emergency, government may acquire wild or uncontrollable powers to arrest or detain citizens. Also during state of emergency, freedom of movement my be curtailed.
Diplomatic immunity:– Ambassadors cannot be sued and prosecuted in the countries where they are serving rather they may be repatriated and this underlines the rule of law.

12/08/2020

Hello dear students,

How are you all?

Topic: Dangers of political apathy

Political Apathy can be defined as lack of interest in taking active part in politics, either by voting or being voted for, or having no share in political activities. It could also be termed as lack of concern or enthusiasm to the democratic governance of a particular country.

Forms of Political Apathy

Refusal to register and vote: This is the actof acting nonchalantly towards registering and voting during the period set aside for elections.
Refusal to protest against rigging: This is a situation whereby the citizens do not show theirdispleasure either through peaceful protest, instituting law suits in courts, making or writing commentaries in the prints and electronic media.
Absolute lack of interest in politics: When there is totally no interest in politics or whatsoever hasto do with politics by an individual.
Refusal to join political parties
Refusal to contest
Refusal to comment on politics: Since such people do not have trust and confidence in politicalleaders because of arbitrary rules and general behavior of politician, therefore their policies andprogrammes are of no effect on the citizens.

Reasons for Political Apathy

Citizens are apathetic to democratic governance as a result of the following reasons:

Bad Governance: This is a process whereby the government is not governing the country well. It is also a situation whereby the government is not satisfying the people as it ought to be.
Unfulfilled political promises: This means when the government fails to fulfill their political promises on what they should do for the country. Unfulfilled political promises will make the masses lose their interest in political matters.
Rigging: This is the act of influencing people in a dishonest way in order to win elections or get what one wants. This act makes people to lose confidence in any form of electioneering process.
Thuggery and Intimidation: This refers to a criminal act or behaviours. It is also the act of oppression by party hoodlums for the party to win at all cost.

Others are:

Infringement and denial of fundamental human rights.
Appointment of inexperienced persons to hold key political offices.
Lack of orientation and training of true governance and democratic system.
Fear of insecurity at polling centres, for many have lost their lives and others kidnapped during elections.
Non-implementation of the rule of law and separation of powers.
Economic and social sabotage.
Corruption, bribery and bad influence of political leaders.
Domineering influence of political god father.
Neglect of the masses and the electorates once they clinch powers.
Inconsistent policies
Associating politics as a dirty game.
Ignorance, peer influence and religious beliefs.
Multiple Voting
Printing of fake ballot papers.

Questions

Define Political Apathy
Discuss three forms of Political Apathy
Enumerate five reasons for political Apathy.

Good Luck!

04/08/2020

Hello students, hope you are keeping safe.

TOPIC: HUMAN RIGHTS

Human rights are the rights and freedoms which all human beings are entitled to and which is to be given by the government of the day to make citizens to realize their full human nature. Everyone is endowed with certain entitlements merely by reason of being human.

The UDHR is a statement affirming the dignity and rights of all human beings which was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on the 10th December 1948 at Palais de Challoit, Paris.

The seven core Freedoms of Universal Declaration of Human rights

These freedoms are extracted from the 30 articles of the UDHR. The seven core freedoms of UDHR set out the specific human rights that are recognized by the United Nations. These rights concern individuals directly and influence their peaceful existence in human beings either within or outside their countries. They are the following:

Rights to life:- Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of persons. No one has the right to terminate the life of another person.
Freedom from discrimination: It states that everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms without distinction of any kind such as race, colour, sex, language, religion or other opinions, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.
Freedom from torture: It also states that no one shall be subjected to torture or to any cruel or inhuman treatment or punishment of any kind.
Freedom from servitude: This is one of the most important rights recognized by the United Nations. No one shall be held in slavery or servitude. Slavery and slave trade shall be prohibited in all forms.
Right to recognition as a person: Everyone shall be recognize as a person before the law of any country. Everyone is equally entitled to the facilities provided by the law such as defending.
Right to freedom of thoughts, conscience and religion:- All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act to another in the spirit of brotherhood with the will and liberty to practice one’s religion.
Freedom of speech and association:- Everyone is entitled to freedom of speech and peaceful assembly and association. No one may be compelled to belong to any association against his own wish. Everyone has a right to take part in the government of his country.

29/07/2020

Hello students, I hope you are copying your notes judiciously.

May you never grow tired.

Topic : Poverty.

This is the state of being poor or one is not able to meet his/ her needs at a particular time.

Causes of Poverty

Unemployment: An unemployed person will be at the mercy of others who may not be willing to offer any assistance.
Laziness: Many people are poor today because of their laziness in carrying out certain duties because of their inability to take certain steps and as such they give excuses as thereby preventing them from profitable jobs.
Low level of income: In Nigeria for instance, income per capita is small when compared with that of economically advanced countries. The small income per head is largely attributed to the existence of vicious cycle of poverty.
Inflation: Over the years, the prices of most commodities have increased tremendously, while income has been lagging behind.
Reckless Spending: Many Nigerians spend more than they earn in order to boost their ego in the society. The effect of this is that they will not be able to meet their personal needs.

Others are:

Poor Health
Government economic policies

Ways of alleviating poverty in our society

Fighting inflation: Government should try to bring down the prices of commodities so that citizens could afford the basic necessities of life.
Transparency / Accountability: Government should be transparent in their dealings with the public. They should be able to fulfill their electoral promises.
Provision of jobs: Government should provide jobs for its citizens. This is one of its duties to its citizens.
Economic Programmes: Government should embark on Laudable programmes that can provide jobs for the citizens such as the services provided by the National Directorate of Employment {NDE}
Reduction in Prices of services offered by the government like price of fuel, tarrif by PHCN and other government service providers.
Provision of Social amenities: This is the essence of government in any state. Services such as water, light, education, transport, health services etc should be provided.

Others are;

Provision of soft loan to individuals who may want to start their business and be self employed.
Establishment of vocation centres.

Questions

What is poverty?
Highlight two causes of poverty
Mention four ways of alleviating poverty in Nigeria.

Goodluck!

22/07/2020

Hello students. Hope you are all keeping safe.

TOPIC….CULTISM

A cult can be said to be a conventional religious group with a set of practices, belief systems or ideas whose essence is known only to the inner members and excessively admired and defended even to the point of death.

Reasons why people establish and join cult groups

Many of the students join cult groups in order to reduce injustice in the society because they thought the Nigerian society was not fair to them.
Another reason why students join cult related groups is family background. This may be caused by poor relationship between children and their parents as well as sudden family break up.
There is also the influence of peer groups as many students are lured into cult activities by their friends and course mates.
Some students join cult groups for security reasons s that they can be prevented from attacks and harassment in the campus.
There may be search for satisfaction and fulfillment especially maintaining high success for members in academic examinations.

Effects of cultism on Nigerian students

It may lead to serious disagreement and tension between parents and their children who are members of secret cults. Responsible parents will detest such negative and illegal association.
It weakens family ties and socio/cultural values due to its success in producing monsters that have become nuisance to themselves.
It may bring members of the cult groups into problems with law enforcement agencies who may arrest, arraign them before law courts and guilty students may be subjected to terms of imprisonment.
Cultism is abuse of freedom of association. Majority of those who are either forced or were not abreast of the hard fact of cultism at the onset.
It threatens progressive co-existence in the campuses and the society at large thereby posing a serious threat to internal security of the nation.

15/07/2020

Hello dear students,

Topic : Unemployment

The concept of unemployment describes the situation in the economy whereby people who are willing and able to work cannot find paid employment. The unemployment rate is the number of unemployed people expressed in percentage the labour force.

Causes of unemployment in Nigeria

Incompetence: These are people who may not be fit to be employed for certain jobs such may include those who do not enjoy continuous good health etc.
Search Employment: This refers to the situation whereby people are searching for better paid jobs though they have existing job offer which they have chosen not to accept.
Economic Recession: Many West African countries have recently been facing periods of slump in economic activities. During this period, there is usually low demand for the product, leading to laying off of workers.
Economic Reform Policies: In the face of global economic downturn, a number of policies may be pursued by government and private firms which have led to downsizing or rightsizing with attendant job losses.
Low level of education: Young school leavers entering the labour market may not be qualified for the available jobs due to low level of education. Others are:
Bad leadership
Laziness
Embargo on employment

Ways out of Unemployment

Unemployment is when people who are willing to work cannot find paid emplyment

1 .Awareness Campaign: Jobseekers may be educated on the need to create jobs instead of relying on government.

2. Diversification of the economy: Both government and private sectors should invest in diverse sectors of the economy instead of depending on only one or few sectors.

3.Population Control:This is to enable the reduction in the rate of population growth. This measure would decrease the number of people in the labour force who have no job.

4. Lifting embargo on employment: Goverrnment at all levels should do so so that qualified people can be employed in the public sector of the economy.

5. Loans: Financial institutions and government should be encouraged to give loans to people to invest in their own business so that they can be gainfully employed.

6. Economic programmes: Government should embark on programmes that can reduce unemployment like NAPEP and NDE programmes. This will encourage people to set up their own business.

Others are;

7. Favourable Political climate

8. No discrimination of jobs

9. Removal of favouritism and tribalism.

Questions

Mention five causes of unemployment in Nigeria
Highlight three solutions to unemployment

08/07/2020

Hello students. Hope you are keeping safe.

TOPIC: POLITICAL APATHY

This is a degree to which citizens show no interest in taking part in the political activities of their country. It is the exact opposite of popular participation. These sets of people are not concerned about political activities in their country. Many people believe politics is a vocation and there are set of people assigned or interested to doing such jobs. For a country to be developed properly, there is need for majority of people to be involved in politics.

Forms of Political Apathy

Failure to comment on political issues: This is the refusal of people to comment publicly about what is going on in the country, especially when it is expedient or when contacted.
Political appointment: People that develop political apathy may not be willing to take up political appointment when they are contacted. Such people give flimsy excuses to validate their position.
Refusal to register: Some eligible voters in the country may refuse to register during registration exercise. This refusal to register for election will not give them the opportunity to vote during such elections.
Failure to listen to political programs: People that develop political apathy may have certain conception or misconception about a government and takes no pleasure in listening to political programs on the radio, television or even reading.
Refusal to vote: Many eligible registered voters may not cast their votes during elections. Some of those who even register may do so for fear of being sanctioned. The effect is that credible candidates may not win such elections.
Refusal to protest rigging of elections: Lack of interest in politics any make such people not to stage any protest when elections are rigged, because they are not concerned about such issue. They keep quite and allow wrong candidates to rule over them.
Failure to join political parties: Many people believe politics is a dirty game and meant for dirty people. As a result, they refuse to join political parties. This will prevent them from making meaningful contribution to their country thereby derailing political culture and socialization.

Ways of Minimizing Political Apathy

Political Education: Education that relates to politics should be given to the people which can bring about enlightenment of the citizens, for them to know and actualize their political rights
Universal adult suffrage: This is the age a citizens is qualified to vote at any election. People should not be derived of this right on flimsy excuses.
Equal political opportunities: Everyone should be given equal political opportunities to take part in government and contest for any position in government. This will encourage people to take part in government.
Multi-party system: The constitution should encourage the existence of many political parties, so that citizens can participate in government by joining the party of their choice.
Rule of Law: The law of the state should prevail over all citizens as well of observance of the idea of equality before the law. This may encourage people to venture into politics.
Opposition group: The government of the day should allow opposition groups to have their own say in the politics of the state so that stability can be ensured in governance.
An independent judiciary: The law courts to should be free from control by the other organs of government so that they can perform their constitutional role of protecting the rights of the citizens.

01/07/2020

Hello my dear students, happy new month.

I believe you are staying safe and studying hard. Today we will take a look at National Development as a whole.

Topic: National Development

National Development is the process by which a country improves the social and economic wellbeing of the citizens through the provision of amenities such as quality education, good roads, medical facilities and other social infrastructures.

Ways Corruption has retarded Development in Nigeria

Corruption wipes out jobs
It creates a bad image for the country.
It creates high crime rate in the society.
It leads to inflation of prices of goods and services
It deepens the poverty level as the poor are denied basic facilities
It reduces the lifespan of citizens as mortality rates increases
It erodes national consciousness, pride and sense of commitment to National cause.
It promotes materialism in citizens and erodes core positive values of the nation.
Nepotism/Favouritism becomes the norms in the society.
Political instability which can lead to military coup and underdevelopment.

Importance of Employment in Alleviating Poverty.

Employment is an activity that enables a person to be engaged in a certain work and such person receives certain amount of money in exchange for his services. The following are the roles of employment in alleviating poverty in Nigeria:

Steady income: Such income would enable someone to meet the basic necessities like food, shelter, clothing and other family needs.
Acquisition of Skills: When people acquire different kinds of skills, they would use such to produce money and poverty level would be reduced.
Standards of living: When employed, it improves the standard of living of people.
Reduction of poverty level: When people are employed, the rate of poverty in the society would be reduced and this would ease pressure on the government to provide jobs.
Reduction in criminal activities: When majority of people are gainfully employed, they would be busy with productive ideas and activities and therefore, they would not have time to commit criminal activities.
Family Development: Guaranteed employment will help citizens develop their families as there would be stability within families and tension, disagreements would be reduced.
Job Creation: People with the financial might can invest in industrial project and employ the jobless people in the society.

Factors that can promote guaranteed employment

Employment is an activity that enables a person to be engaged meaningfully.

Good government: Such a government should be able to create jobs and provide an enabling environment for local and international investors to invest and create jobs in government.
Quality Education: When free education is given to a greater number of people, illiteracy would be reduced and educated ones can use the education they acquire to create jobs.
Political Participation: This is the involvement of people in the government of a country. Through this, government would be able to provide jobs for the people.
Loan Application: Individuals and corporate organisations who wish to take loans for investment should be guaranteed access for financial aid and loans from government and financial institutions so that they can invest and employ people to work for them.
Creation of Skill Acquisition Centres: Centres like National Directorate foe Employment [NDE] helps to gather data of the unemployed, provide skills and give financial assistance for those that are creating their own jobs.
Good Health: People should take care of their health so that they can be gainfully employed as a healthy person is a wealthy person.
Political Stability: Investment can thrive in an atmosphere of peace in which workers can go to their offices without hinderance.

Others are:

8. Social infrastructure

9. Labour law

10. Job creation.

Kindly answer the questions below and remembering that full explanations carry full marks.

1.What is National Development?

2. Mention three ways corruption has retarded development in Nigeria

3. Highlight two importance of employment in alleviating povertyy.

4. Discuss four factors that can guarantee employment.

Good luck!

24/06/2020

Hello students. Hope you are all keeping safe.

TOPIC……………… DEMOCRACY AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

CAPITALIST DEMOCRACY

Governments of the world at different times introduced and experimented different types of economic systems that are geared towards economic growth, national development and attainment of government agenda and goals. Among such economic systems is the capitalist democracy,

The term capitalism is a political and economic system that is based on private ownership of the means of production and exchange of goods and services while democracy is the rule of the majority. Capitalism is today’s version of WHAT while democracy is the HOW.

Capitalist democracy can therefore be defined as the type of democracy in which private companies, individuals are responsible for the production of economic and social services through the forces of demand and supply. In this manner government selects the representatives of the people who can manage resources of the state on behalf of the people.

Therefore the participation of people is very essential and certain rights and privileges are guaranteed by the state.

Characteristics of Capitalist Democracy

Private ownership:– In a capitalist democracy, the four factors of production- namely: land, labour, capital and entrepreneur are owned and controlled by the private individuals. The role of government is to determine how business activities will be carried out.
Freedom of choice:– In capitalist democracy, producers and consumers are free to make their choices to achieve what they want, e.g. Producers can sell at any price and consumers can buy at any market. There is freedom of choice to join political parties ans associations.
Periodic election:– There must be free and fair elections as a means of changing government from one regime to the other from time to time as determined by the constitution. In Nigeria, it is every four years. The competition in election is open and free.
Equal rights:– In a capitalist democracy, all men are considered to have equal freedom irrespective of their socio, religious economic or ethic or educational differences. They are all allowed to have equal political and social rights in the society.
Multi-party system:– Several political parties are allowed to exist by the government and citizens are free to make choice of parties they wish to join. This will promise political participation in our national life and government will be truly representative.
Competition:– Competition is allowed and very common in capitalist democracy between people producing similar commodities. This may lead to economic rivalry between such people and each producer of commodities will like to impress their customers.
Majority rule:– In every capitalist democracy majority carries the vote, in the sense that the will of the majority determined through a free and fair elections must always be respected. At the same time, the minority must also be allowed to have a say in the running of government.
Political participation:– Capitalist democracy also encourages people to participate fully in the political, economic, social and cultural life of the country. People are involved in the running of economic activities at all levels of government – local, state and federal.
Free market:– In a capitalist democracy, the economy of the state is not controlled by the government. Therefore what is produced, sold and at what price is determined by the producers of such commodities.
Rights:– In an economy determined by the capitalist democracy, citizens have not only rights but also responsibilities to perform in the political system which in turn protects their rights and freedom.

COMPETITION FOR POWERS AMONG POLITICAL PARTIES

The aim or purpose of forming a political party is to win election to political offices and to achieve this, certain strategies are put in place before, during and after election. Some of these available opportunities will be enumerated below:

Public debate:– Before any election, the press may invite all contending parties to a public debate so that they will be able to explain what they intend to do for the people if elected into office. This will help the electorate to know which party to vote for in the election.
Manifesto:- This is the proposed or cardinal program of a political party which it intends to do if elected into power. The manifesto serves as magnetic pool as it attracts more members into the party and it will give the electorates the opportunity to know which party vote for.
Political campaigns:- This is the series of planned activities that is designed by political parties to convince the electorates to vote for political parties at an election. It is a very strenuous exercise that involve travelling, speaking and moving from one location to the other, soliciting for funds and inviting more members to join the party, advertisement, etc. This will help to boost the electoral success of a political party.
Rallies:- This refers to a large public gathering organised by a political party in a public place or halls to inspire, mobilize through effective propaganda and to encourage them to support a political party. It can also involve moving from one place to the other to stage a protest against certain government policies.
Souvenirs:- Political parties attempt to contest and win elections by designing and providing certain branded materials such as badges, stickers, T-shirts, caps, calendars and other materials. These materials are sold to members and others in a political gathering. This is a form of advertisement for the part to win elections.
Logo:- This is the identification or symbol used for advertising a particular party. Each political party has it’s own logo or emblem with adorning colors which would make the electorates to differentiate it from other political parties during elections.
Slogan or party anthem:– Slogan refers to a word or phrase used in expressing the aim of a party. The slogan must be a positive one that will bring positive change towards the development of the country. Every party has their own anthem that are learnt and recited at important meetings.
Printing of handbills or posters:– Posters are pasted at strategic location and bill boards are used to promote the image of the party, which may contain pictures of candidates contesting elections. Handbills are also distributed to the public for awareness purpose.
Propaganda:– Propaganda is a systematic effort to manipulate public opinion that is favourable to a single interest. This may be carried out through the press like sponsoring programs and jingles to win more support.
Election:- This is when political parties and candidates go to the poles to test their might in the quest to gain control of government which is always competitive in Nigeria. A free and fair election will produce the best candidate at an election.

17/06/2020

Hello dear students,

Hope you are keeping safe and working hard.

Topic: Methods for promoting national consciousness, integrity and unity

Mass campaign: government, press and civil society groups should mount rigorous campaigns aimed at educating people on the need to come together for unity and progress of the country.
Political equality;: citizens should be free to contest for any political office. There should be no discrimination of any kind.
Secularity : no state religion should be adopted so that all religious groups will live in harmony.
Federal character principle: this gives every state the opportunity to be represented in our national life without any form of discrimination.
National sports festival: this is an event in which athletes from all States of the federation gather in a particular state to showcase their talents. The purpose is to promote unity and friendliness between States.
Revenue allocation : there should be fair distribution if federal generated revenue to all States so that it can reach all the ethnic groups in Nigeria. The criteria used should be just and fair. Others are:
National youth service scheme
Intermarriage
Formation of political parties with national outlook
Unity schools
Promoting equal economic opportunities
Promoting religious tolerance

Capitalist democracy

It can be defined as the type of democracy in which private companies, individuals are responsible for the production of economic and social services through the forces of demand and supply.

Capitalism is a political and economic system that is based on private ownership of means of production and exchange of goods and services while democracy is the rule of the majority.

Characteristics of capitalist democracy

Private ownership: the four factors of production that is, land, labour, capital and entrepreneur are owned and controlled by private individuals.
Freedom of choice: producers can sell at any price they want and consumers can buy at any market. There is freedom of choice to join any political party and association.
Competition : this may lead to economic rivalry between people and each producer will like to impress their customers.
Free market: the economy is not controlled by the state. Therefore, whatever is produced is sold at a price determined by the producers of such commodities. Others are:
Rights
Periodic elections
Equal rights
Multi party system
Majority rule
Political participation

Questions

Outline five methods for promoting national consciousness, integrity and unity.
What is capitalist democracy
Discuss five features of capitalist democracy

Remember to explain your points to earn full marks.

Good luck!

10/06/2020

Hello students. Hope you are all keeping safe.

TOPIC…….. LAW AND ORDER

Law can be defined as the system of rules that people in a country or area must obey. Orderliness refers to a situation whereby citizens comport themselves as well as conform to the established rules and regulations of the country.

EXAMPLES OF ORDERLINESS

Obedience: When people follow the laid down rules and regulations as well as the norms of the society, that is obedience.
Listening skills: This is the habit of listening to instructions making value judgement before embarking or effecting such instructions.
Driving skills: Road users (i.e commuters and drivers) are required to imbibe good driving skills that can ensure safety of lives and properties on our roads.
Decorum: This is simply defined as exhibiting behavior that people consider to be correct polite and respectable e.g there will be decorum is a student raises his/her hand and waits patiently for the teacher to call him/her to ask questions or provide answers to questions raised in the classroom.
Queuing culture: If people can cultivate the culture of waiting, or being on a straight line to get to their turn to get things done in the society, that will enhance law and order in the society.
Respect and regards for public properties by the citizens will go a long way in installing orderliness and development in the society.
Constitutionalism: When both the government and the governed adhere to the letters or provisions of the constitution it will definitely enhance law and order. Adherence to the laws of the land is constitutionalism.

IMPORTANCE OF ORDERLINESS IN THE SOCIETY

Orderliness in the society sets good examples for others to follow
Trying to be orderly by the individual is a sort of training in which the recipients too trains others and then becomes role models to them.
Orderliness makes the society stable and develop economically.
Where there is orderliness they will be no chaos confusion insecurity and violence, rather the people will enjoy peace, equality and justice.
Orderliness makes people to be mindful and cautious of all their deeds.

HOW TO MAINTAIN AND PROMOTE ORDERLINESS IN THE SOCIETY

Orderliness can be maintained by the people through the following:

People should be organised by putting things in their rightful places.
People must be prepared to exercise patience in their private and public lives.
people should also learn to keep to the etiquette of their profession.
Leaders in public offices should learn to lead and live by examples and be submissive as well.
A conscientious education through the mass media should be massively embarked upon by both private and public on the benefits of orderliness.

CLASSWORK

Give 5 examples of orderliness
List 5 importance of orderliness.

Date: 03/06/2020

Hello students, how are we today?

TOPIC: SKILLS NECESSARY FOR THE PRESERVATION AND PROMOTION OF OUR TRADITIONS CUSTOMS AND BELIEFS

Customs and traditions are necessary in the development of the society . They give people identity and create a sense of togetherness among people living in a society.

Some of these skills are:

Dressing
Cultural Festivals
Food
Artifacts
Music and Dance
Cultural Practices
Mythology and Folklore
Greeting

How to promote National Consciousness, Unity and Integrity

National Consciousness is to be aware of what is happening in your country. It can also be defined as the awareness of citizens towards the customs, traditions, institutions of their country.

National Integrity is having a sound mind to value completely what your nation has in order to bring progress and development

National Unity is the idea of making people work together to make the idea of making people work together to make the idea of national consciousness and integrity to be registered in the mind of individuals.

National Integration is the process of making sense of national consciousness, uniqueness, identity and loyalty among people with different socio – cultural identity into a single territorial political society.

Factors that can promote National Consciousness Unity and Integrity

Tolerance
Hospitality
Identification
Patriotism
Non- discrimination
Respect for National symbols
Loyalty

Questions

Mention and explain five skills necessary for the preservation and promotion of our traditions, customs and beliefs.
Explain National consciousness, National Integrity and National Integration.

Good luck!

No Fields Found.

27/05/2020

Dear Students,

Hope you are keeping yourselves busy during this lock down period.

Don’t forget… social distancing and washing your hands regularly. Keep keeping safe.

Topic: EMPLOYMENT

What is Employment?

Employment simply means the condition of having paid job or work, whether self-employed or being an employee.

Importance of Employment.

Acquisition of skills: Employment can help to bring out the creative skills of individuals through training and at times makes the trainee to contribute his or her quarter to the national economy and development.
Employment enables people to meet their basic financial needs.
It reduces the rate of criminal activities usually associated with poverty.
Employment restructures positively the socio-cultural life of a society e.g peaceful terms between husband and wife that are gainfully employed.
Self-employment will definitely reduce the rate at which people depend on pubic sector or government provision of social amenities.
Employment also speed up national development through payment of tax by the people(workers)

Factors that promote guaranteed employment.

Free education e.g scholarship and sponsorship: Provision or giving free education, scholarship e.t.c to citizens of a nation especially to the intelligent and brilliant student would definitely promote guaranteed employment because this will reduce or eradicate illiteracy from our society and many technical and skilled labour would be produced which would invariably(always) guarantee employment.
Responsible governance: when we have good leaders it ensures continuity and maintains political stability which invariably guarantees stable employment.
Provision of good medical care: if government provides good medical care for the people, it will make the people to be healthy which will promote guaranteed employments.
Security: government must ensure that lives and properties of every citizen is secured. Insecurity is a threat to job security.
Youth empowerment: the youths must be mandated to acquire vocational skills apart from formal school of learning of becoming educated and certificated in one course or the other. This measure will eradicate unemployment and poverty.
Encouraging business investments: banks and other financial institution should make loan available to young graduates and jobless youths to set up small business e.g textile trade, dying and bleaching, block laying, bricklaying e.t.c

Classwork

Mention 5 dangers of unemployment.

No Fields Found.

14/05/2020

Hello Students,

Hope you are keeping safe. This is the first class and I hope we can both make this work.

Today we are looking at:

Ways of Acquiring Citizenship in Nigeria

Birth: A person born in a country where his/her parents are citizens,automatically acquires the citizenship of that state
Naturalization: Any foreigner who lives in Nigeria for a period of time can apply to become a citizen on the condition of his readiness to swear to an oath of allegiance.
Registration: This can acquired through marriage to a Nigerian man. The woman must be of good conduct and must register as a citizen of Nigeria. She must swear an oath of allegiance. Others are:
Conferment
parenthood.

Duties of citizens to their communities

1.Tax payment

2.Law and Order

3.Environmental sanitation

4.Assisting security Agencies

5.Defence of the country

6. Security

7.Respect for National Symbols

8. Cooperation

Kindly use the form below to complete the assignment given and indicate the name of subject before you start answering.

Assignment

Mention 3 duties of a citizen.

2. List and explain 5 ways of acquiring citizenship in Nigeria.

No Fields Found.