DATA PROCESSING SS 1

WEEK: WEEK TWO

DATE:  28th September – 2ND  October, 2020

SUBJECT: DATA PROCESSING

CLASS: SS1

TOPIC:  DIGITALISATION OF DATA

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

  • Define Digitalisation of data
  • Mention various types of computer
  • State the components of computer with their examples.

Definition of Digitalisation of Data

Digitalisation is the process of converting analog information into a digital format.

Digitising simply means capturing analog signals in digital form.

The term is often used to describe the scanning of analog sources (such as printed photos or typed videos) into computers for editing.

Various types of computer

There are three different types of computers according to the principles of operation.

Three types of computer are:

  • Analog computers
  • Digital computers
  • Hybrid computers

Components of computer

A computer contains many electronic and mechanical components known as hardware. The hardware components include:

  • Input devices
  • Output devices
  • Storage devices
  • Communication devices
  • Input devices are the hardware devices which takes information from the user of the computer, convert it into electrical signals and transmit it to the processor.

Examples of Input devices

  • Digital camera
  • Digitizer
  • Electronic whiteboard
  • Joystick
  • Image scanner (Page scanner)
  • Keyboard
  • Light pen
  • Microphone
  • Mouse
  • Optical Recognition Devices
  • Terminals
  • Touchpad
  • Touchscreen
  • Output devices convert the results of processed data into a form that can be used and understood by the user.

Examples of output devices

  • Computer display or monitor
  • Plotter
  • Multifunction devices- combines printer, fax, scanner and copier.
  • Printers
  • Projectors
  • Electronic billboards.
  • Storage devices are components which allow data to be stored within a computer system.

Example of storage devices

  • CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read Only)
  • Data cartridges- removable hard disk drives that provide both the storage capacity and fast access.
  • Floppy disk/drive
  • Hard disk
  • Smart cards
  • Tape cartridges
  • Memory
  • RAM (Random Access Memory)
  • ROM (Read Only Memory)
  • CMOS (Complementary metal oxide system)- used to store information about the computer system, such as the amount of memory, the type of keyboard and monitors.
  • Communications Devices: A communications device is a hardware component that enables a computer to send (transmit) and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices.

A widely used communications device is a modem.

Examples of communications Devices

  • Communication media: – communications occur over cables, telephone lines, cellular radio networks, satellites, and other transmission media.
  • Wireless transmission media: – e.g. WIFI, HOTSPOT, BLUETOOTH, INFRARED. Etc.
  • MODEM: – a device that converts data into a form suitable for both receipt and transmission by wire or radio such that it can be reconstructed at the destination point.

Assignment:

Describe the history of computer development under the following inventors:

  • Scotman John Napier
  • Blaise pascal
  • Charles Babbage

NOTE: All assignments should be done at the back of your Data processing notes with dates.

WEEK: WEEK THREE

DATE:  5TH OCTOBER – 9th OCTOBER, 2020

SUBJECT: DATA PROCESSING

CLASS: SS1

TOPIC:  DATA AND INFORMATION

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

  • Define  Data
  • Define information
  • Identify different types of data with examples.
  • State the characteristics of information.

Definition of data

Data are any facts, numbers, or text that can be processed by a computer.

Definition of Information

Information can be defined as data that has been transformed into a meaningful and useful form for specific purposes.

Identification of different types of data

  1. Transactional data. E.g. sales, inventory, payroll and accounting.
  2. Categorical data. E.g. ethnicity, job grade, age group, gender.
  3. Quantitative data. E.g. size of household, temperature (Interval), Height, age (ration)

        Characteristics of information

Good information must have the following characteristics:

  1. Created and stored
  2. Edited or deleted
  3. Shared and distributed
  4. Sorted or classified
  5. Calculated
  6. Summarised

WEEK: WEEK FOUR

DATE:  12TH OCTOBER – 16th OCTOBER, 2020

SUBJECT: DATA PROCESSING

CLASS: SS1

TOPIC:  DATA AND INFORMATION

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

  • Differentiate between data and information
  • Mention various sources of data and information.
  • Mention qualities of information
  • State ways of handling data

Differences between data and Information

DATAINFORMATION
Facts, statistics used for reference or analysisKnowledge derived from processed data
Numbers, characters, symbols, images. Etc which can be processed by a computer is called dataInformation is the output of processed data
Data must be interpreted by a human or machine, to derive meaningInformation is any kind of knowledge that is exchangeable amongst people, about things, facts, concepts .etc. in some context
Data is a representation of informationInformation is the interpretation of data
It is not meaningfulIt is more meaningful
Data cannot be used for making decisions because it is not meaningfulInformation is used for making decisions

Sources of Data and Information

There are two categories of sources of data and information. They are:

  • Primary source
  • Secondary source

Primary sources of Data: Raw fact can be gathered from experiment (weighing and measuring), interview (either face – to- face or written), observation, census registration form and questionnaires.

Secondary sources of Information: We can obtain information through media such as television, radio, fax, GSM, Internet, printing, Telex and computer.

All these are facts that have not been processed, but the end results of these are called information.

Qualities of information

  1. Accurate
  2. Correctly targeted
  3. Easy to use and understand:
  4. Language
  5. Preferences of users
  6. Remembered knowledge.
  7. Complete/comprehensive
  8. Relevant and up -to- date
  9. Timely and conciseness
  10. Worth the cost
  11. Confidence on the information source.
  12. Communicated by an appropriate method of communication.
  13. Suitable and meaningful.

Two ways of handling Data

Virtually, all computers used in data processing handling initially output their information to a display unit.

Data can be handled in two ways:

  1. Textual /character form: Examples of textual data are:
  2. Numeric data: This is the type of data that makes use of numbers only such as 287, 3, 565, 200, 0, and 4.
  3. Alphabetic data: This is the types of data that makes use of letters only such as January, February, and March.
  4. Special characters/symbols: This is the type of data that makes use of symbols. E.g. $, %, >, ?, &.
  5. Pictorial/Graphical form:  To give clearer form of data, data can be represented in pictorial or graphical form. E.g. bar chart, pie chart, line graph. Etc

      Assignment:

Discuss five generations of computers under the following heading:

  1. Year of development
  2. Electronic Technology used
  3. Input/output devices
  4. Examples

WEEK: WEEK FIVE

DATE:  19TH OCTOBER – 23RD OCTOBER, 2020

SUBJECT: DATA PROCESSING

CLASS: SS1

TOPIC:  HISTORY OF COMPUTER

SUB-TOPIC: Generations of computers

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

  • Identify the five generations of computers
  • Describe the features of each generation

FIVE GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS

  • FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS
  • Year of development: 1940-1956
  • Technology used: Vacuum tubes
  • Input/output devices: Punched cards
  • Examples: IBM 650, UNIVACI, ENIAC (supercomputers)
  • SECOND GENERATION COMPUTERS
  • Year of development: 1956 – 1963
  • Technology used: Transistors
  • Input/output devices: Tape-orientation, paper tape, printer, magnetic tape.
  • Examples: IBM 1401, Honeywell 200C DC 1604 AND 3600 (mainframe computers)
  • THIRD GENERATION COMPUTERS
  1. Year of development: 1964 – 1971
  2. Technology used: Integrated circuits
  3. Input/output devices: Punched card, printer and magnetic tape.
  4. Examples: IBM -360 and IBM- 370
  5. FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTERS
  6. Year of development: 1971- 1983
  7. Technology used: Large scale Integrated circuits(LSIC) or VLSI (Very Large Scale Integrator)
  8. Input/output devices: Keyboard, monitor, printer, magnetic disk.
  9. Examples: IBM –PC having microprocessor like INTEL 80286,INTEL 80386 and INTEL 80486 ( microcomputers or personal computers)

FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTERS

  1. Year of development: present- beyond
  2. Technology used:  VLSI (Very Large Scale Integrator)

(c)  Input/output devices: Keyboard, monitor, printer, speaker, projector, mouse. etc

(d)  Examples: Desktop computers, laptop computers, notebook computers, mini-laptop computers, ATM, POS machine, Smart phones, Washing machines, Robots. Etc.

                       ASSIGNMENT:

Classify computer by:

  1. Type
  2. Size
  3. Functionality or purpose

WEEK: WEEK SIX

DATE:  26TH OCTOBER – 30TH OCTOBER, 2020

SUBJECT: DATA PROCESSING

CLASS: SS1

TOPIC:  CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS

SUB-TOPIC: Classification of computers by Type and Size

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

  • Classify computers by Type
  • Classify computers by size

Classification of computers

Computers can be classified based on:

  1. Type  (Principles of operation)
  2. Size   (Storage capacity of a computer or speed of operation or computation)
  3. Functionality    (Degree of versatility or purpose)

Classification of computers by Type

  1. Analog computers
  2. Digital Computers
  3. Hybrid computers
  4. Analog computer is a computing device that works on continuous range of values. The results given by the analog computers will be approximate since they deal with quantity that varies continuously. It generally deals with physical variables such as voltage, pressure, temperature, speed, etc.  Examples of analog computers are speedometer, scale machine, thermometer and barometer.
  5. Digital computers operate on digital data such as numbers which is referred to as discrete values. It uses binary number system in which there are only two digits 0 and 1. Digital computers can give more accurate and faster results. Examples of digital computers are GSM, calculators, microcomputers. Etc.
  6. Hybrid computers combines the desirable features of analog and digital computers. It is mostly used for automatic operations of complicated physical  processes and machines. Examples of hybrid computers are robot, fuel pump in fuel station. Etc.

Classification of computers by size

There are four different types of computers when we classify them based on their size, performance and capacity.

The four types are:

  • Supercomputers
  • Mainframe computers
  • Mini computers
  • Micro computers

Examples of supercomputers

  • “ CDC 6600” First supercomputer by Seymour Cray
  • IBM’s Sequoia, in United States.
  • IBM’s Micra in united states.
  • IBM’s super Muc in Germany.

 Examples of Mainframe computers

  • Fujitsu’s ICL VME
  • Hitachi’s Z 800

                                    Examples of Minicomputers

  • K-202
  • Texas instrument TI-990
  • SDS- 92
  • IBM Midrange computers

                    Examples of Micro computers

  • Desktop computers
  • Laptop computers
  • Handheld computers (PDAS)
  • Palmtop computer
  • Tablets
  • Smartphones
  • Notebook computers
  • Calculators
  • POS machine

WEEK: WEEK SEVEN

DATE:  2ND NOVEMBER – 6TH NOVEMBER, 2020

SUBJECT: DATA PROCESSING

CLASS: SS1

TOPIC:  CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS

SUB-TOPIC: Classification of computers by Functionality

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

  • Classify computers by Functionality

Classification of computers by functionality

Based on the purpose/function, Digital computers can be further classified as:

  • General purpose computers
  • Special purpose computers

General purpose computers

General purpose computers are used for any type of applications. They can store different programs and do the jobs as per the instructions specified on those programs.

Most of the computers we see today are general purpose computers.

Special purpose computers

A special purpose digital computer is one which has been designed to perform one specific task that is built for a specific application. The set of instructions required for the specific task is permanently stored in the computer’s memory. Special-purpose computers can be found in Air-traffic control, weapons guardians system, word processor machines and space research control. Etc.

WEEK: WEEK EIGHT

DATE:  9TH NOVEMBER – 13TH NOVEMBER, 2020

SUBJECT: DATA PROCESSING

CLASS: SS1

TOPIC:  ICT APPLICATION IN EVERYDAY LIFE

SUB-TOPIC: Uses of ICT

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

  1. State the meaning of ICT
  2. Mention the uses of ICT
  3. List and explain the impact of ICT in the society.

ICT APPLICATION IN EVERYDAY LIFE

Meaning of ICT

ICT is an acronym that stands for Information and Communication Technology.

ICT refers to a diverse set of technological set of technological tools and resources used to communicate and to create, disseminate, store and manage information.

USES OF ICT

  1. Communicate with and meet other people.
  2. Conduct research and access a wealth of information and news.
  3. Shop for goods and services.
  4. Bank and invest.
  5. Participate in online training.
  6. Engage in entertainment activities, such as planning vacations, playing online games, listening to music, watching or editing videos, and reading books and magazines.
  7. Download music and videos.
  8. Share information, photos and videos.
  9. Access and interact with web applications. People connect to the internet to share information with others around the world.
  10. E-mail allows you to send and receive messages to and from other users.

The impact of ICT in the society

ICT has changed today as much as the industrial revolution changed society in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. People interact directly with computers in fields such as education, finance, government, healthcare, science, publishing, travel and manufacturing. Etc.

Class activity: (Group discussion/ presentation)

Discuss the impact of ICT in the society under the following headings:

  1. EDUCATION
  2. FINANCE
  3. GOVERNMENT
  4. HEALTHCARE
  5. SCIENCE
  6. PUBLISHING
  7. TRAVEL
  8. MANUFACTURING