JSS 3 CCA 2

27/07/2020

Good morning blessed students, I hope you are all in good shape. I also believe you are all reading sedulously towards the forthcoming BECE. We thank God for giving us hope. Please read through the note given below. The explanation would be done during our revision class by God’s grace.

Types of Dance in the Western world

1. Ballet 

Tutus, pointe shoes and men in tights are what come to mind when someone mentions ballet. Yet Ballet is so much more than that. Said to be the most difficult genre to master, ballet is a rigorous style of dance that is the foundation of most forms of dance training. It is usually set, but not limited to, orchestrated music and is often the first dance style a child will experience as they begin their dance classes. Ballet shoes are usually worn until the dancer’s feet have developed enough strength to progress into pointe shoes, often happens around the age of 12 and only after the students have been given permission by their teacher. Ballet is an excellent teaching tool for all dancers as it is a complex mixture of technique, coordination and musicality.

2. Tap 

Tap is best described as “musical feet”. Tap is a form of dance where dancers use their feet as percussive instruments. Tap shoes are that are specially designed with percussive metal plates on the toe and heel, called taps. There are many different styles of tap dancing however the two most noted are Rhythm Tap and Broadway Tap. Rhythm Tap is more musically driven, where Broadway Tap is more dance and movement-oriented. Tap is great for fostering rhythm in dancers, as it turns their feet into a musical instrument.

3. Jazz

Jazz is the most popular style of dance among dancers. Jazz combines all dance styles in a high energetic dance that is without conventional boundaries. It has been influenced by ballet, modern, tap, hip-hop, African dance and many more styles. Jazz is most often accompanied by upbeat, currently popular songs. Jazz shoes typically have a leather split sole which offers the dancers foot more freedom to bend and move. Due to the upbeat music, dramatic themes and cool choreography, it isn’t hard to see why this is the most popular dance style.

4. Modern 

Modern was said to be first created as a rebellion against classical ballet. A raw style of dance, modern dance is an expression on the dancers’ relationship to the floor, including methods of contractions, release and movement, as well as the dancer’s of breath. Modern dancers have a variety of shoes to choose from that allow freedom in the foot while providing protection from the floor. Though its roots are in opposition to the seemingly oppressive rigour for classical ballet, modern and ballet are closely linked in the complexity of technique, coordination and musicality.

5. Lyrical

Though the basis of lyrical dance is ballet merged with jazz and modern. It is dynamic while simultaneously subtle, and focuses on conveying feelings and emotions through movement. Set to popular songs that emphasize deeper feeling and emotion, such as grief, longing, love and despair. Lyrical shoes provide protection for the dancer while allowing them to feel the dance floor as much as possible. Though proper dance techniques are important, the true heart of lyrical is found in its expressive nature.

6. Hip Hop

Hip Hop is an edgy, raw and intense urban dance style also known as Street Dance. The origin of popping, locking and crumping, Hip Hop is mostly danced to rap, urban and not surprisingly, hip hop music. Funky, high-top dance sneakers are normally worn by dancers. What sets Hip Hop apart from most dance genres is that its original street dance was freestyle in nature and did not follow a predefined choreography. A style of dance that is open to personal expression, Hip hop artists were free to interpret the dance in any way they could, and this lead to many innovative and exciting dance styles.

7. Contemporary

Contemporary dance embodies ballet, modern, jazz and lyrical. It uses a technique such as ballet as its fundamentals and creates many more movements that do not adhere to the strict rules of ballet and modern. There are different categories of contemporary dance such as Contemporary Ballet and Contemporary Jazz. Contemporary dance can be danced to all types of music and in non-traditional costumes. Contemporary dancers often wear lyrical dance shoes, and sometimes no shoes at all.

8. Highland Dancing

Highland dance was developed in the Gaelic Highlands of Scotland and should not be confused with Scottish Country Dancing. Highland dancing requires a lot of stamina, as well as arm and leg strength. Many people confuse Scottish highland dance with Irish dance but, Highland dancing is from Scotland and is traditional, whereas, Irish dance is from Ireland and is progressive. Shoes traditionally worn for both these types of dance are Ghillies and are very similar but slightly different.

9. Line Dancing

Line Dancing is a social dance that is made up of a sequence of repeated steps and is traditionally associated with country-western music. It is a solo dance that is danced in a straight line, a circle or in a “follow the leader” pattern. Footwear is decided by the dancer and is if often cowboy boots for the men and heels for the women. Many women choose to wear a Cuban heel shoe as it offers great support and is the perfect heel height for any age.

10. Irish Dancing

Irish dancing originated from Ireland and can be divided into performance and social dances. Made famous by River-dance, it is best recognized by stationary arms combined with rapid leg and foot movements. Irish soft shoes and hard shoes are worn depending on the style of Irish dance. Irish dancers are also known for their intricately detailed dance costumes.

20/07/2020

DANCE

Color

Costume color can be used to isolate a dancer, and a costume’s colors usually contrast with the lighting, accessories and props used in the dance.Also, color can influence audience emotions and, as a result, costume colors may be chosen according to their relevance to the emotions expressed in the dance. For example, violet may impart a cold feeling and red may evoke a warm feeling. Colors can also be symbolic; for example, green creates a feeling of envy and white evokes purity. Costumes will sometimes incorporate layers of colors that are revealed when the dancer moves.

Costume colors may be used to enhance body line and form, and they may be chosen to complement the dancer’s body shape or skin color. Darker colors can make the dancer appear slimmer, whereas lighter colors tend to make the dancer appear larger. Loud prints or bold color combinations are often avoided as they can distort the body lines and, in the case of tights, tend to make the dancer look larger. Also, strong, intense colors may tire the eyes. Color transitions are often implemented using gradients, as sharp color contrasts tend to visually chop the body into sections.

Texture and pattern

Costume texture and patterns can emphasize or minimize parts of a dancer’s body. For example, vertical lines visually lengthen and thin the body, and horizontal lines shorten and widen it.Costume textures and patterns are created using shading, patching, tie-dyeing, and appliqué techniques such as drawing with a fabric pen or painting on the fabric, spraying the fabric, or stitching onto the fabric. Stencils are commonly used when drawing or spraying onto costume fabric. When applying appliqué to stretchable material, the dancer will typically wear the costume so that the design will not be distorted.

Footwear

Some dance styles require a specific type of dance shoe. Shoes are usually chosen to harmonize with the costume, with consideration for safety and injury avoidance. In some cases, the footwear may blend with the outfit so it will not draw attention to the feet. If the dance involves a significant amount of turning, the footwear will typically cover the balls of the feet to enable the dancer to turn more easily.

Construction

Dance costumes are designed so that dancers can move in them as required without damaging them. For example, if a dancer will be lifted, the costume will typically be designed in such a way that the lifter’s fingers are unlikely to catch on it. In some cases, the armhole is cut unusually high to ensure free movement at the armpit.

Costumes frequently have special construction features and may also have accessories such as false sleeves, collars, cuffs, wristbands, and shawls. Often, a costume must accommodate quick changes; this is usually facilitated with Velcro or hook fasteners. In some costumes the bottom of the fabric is weighted so that it will move in a stately fashion. Lining may be used to place a costume in a specific era or ethnic group and give form, qualities of movement and direction, and accentuate points of interest.

14/07/2020 Correction to the last assignment

1.Different suitable fabrics for dance costume:

-Denim

-Silk

-Chiffon

-Georgette

-Lycra

-Cotton

2. Costume designer is an individual who makes the needed garment available for performance such as; dance, drama, music, etc. He/She could also be referred to as COSTUME MAKER.

13/07/2020 Dance costume

A dance costume is the clothing worn by a dancer when performing before an audience. A dance costume may be custom designed for use in a specific dance work, or it may have a traditional design, such as those used in some ceremonial and folk dances. Typically, dance costumes are designed to harmonize with the dance and not hinder the movements of the dancer.

When created for a specific work, a costume may be designed to expose or enhance the lines formed by the dancer’s body, or to express the choreographer‘s artistic vision, or to engage the audience, or combinations of these. A costume may portray or relate to some characteristic, mood, or theme of the dance. It may fit loosely or it may be form-fitting to emphasize the form of the dancer’s body. Costumes are designed in accordance with aesthetic requirements, the anticipated movements of the dancer, and budget. Various people may collaborate in designing a costume, including the choreographer, costume designer, costume maker (seamstress), and dancer.

Costume Design

Material

The amount of light a material absorbs and reflects may be a factor in material selection. Also, dance is about movement, so the way a fabric hangs or moves on the dancer is important.  Lightweight materials such as silk move faster and easier and tend to flow around the body. Stretchable fabrics such as jersey, silk, chiffon, Georgette, and Lycra are commonly used because they don’t restrict movement. Natural materials such as Cotton or silk are typically used when the costume is to be dyed because they absorb dye well. Stiff fabric is typically used to create a boxy, square, or immobile look.

Color

Costume color can be used to isolate a dancer, and a costume’s colors usually contrast with the lighting, accessories and props used in the dance.Also, color can influence audience emotions and, as a result, costume colors may be chosen according to their relevance to the emotions expressed in the dance. For example, violet may impart a cold feeling and red may evoke a warm feeling. Colors can also be symbolic; for example, green creates a feeling of envy and white evokes purity. Costumes will sometimes incorporate layers of colors that are revealed when the dancer moves.

Costume colors may be used to enhance body line and form, and they may be chosen to complement the dancer’s body shape or skin color. Darker colors can make the dancer appear slimmer, whereas lighter colors tend to make the dancer appear larger. Loud prints or bold color combinations are often avoided as they can distort the body lines and, in the case of tights, tend to make the dancer look larger. Also, strong, intense colors may tire the eyes. Color transitions are often implemented using gradients, as sharp color contrasts tend to visually chop the body into sections.

Assignment

  1. Mention five suitable fabrics for dance costume.
  2. Describe a costume designer.

07/07/2020 CORRECTION TO THE LAST ASSIGNMENT

  1. C
  2. D
  3. A
  4. Any two out of the highlighted requirements listed below.

06/07/2020   Dance

Dance is a performing art form consisting of purposefully selected sequences of human movement. This movement has aesthetic and symbolic value, and is acknowledged as dance by performers and observers within a particular culture.

Dance is a performing art. It is described in many ways. It is when people move to a musical rhythm. They may be alone, or in a group. The dance may be an informal play, a part of a ritual, or a part of a professional performance. There are many kinds of dances, and every human society has its own dances.

As with other performing arts, some people dance to express their feelings and emotions, or to feel better. Dance can be used to tell a story. In some societies, dance goes with song as well as music. Dancing is sometimes done as sport, and has similar athletic aspects. People who want to learn to dance can go to dance schools. It may take years of practice to become an experienced and capable dancer.

To plan a dance is called choreography, done by a choreographer. Often this goes with music, and fits into a certain style. Dances may be planned in detail, or they may be whatever dancers feel like doing. However, most dancing does follow some general style or pattern. One style is the couple dance, where (usually) a man and a woman dance together. Other dances need an ensemble, a group of people together to make it work.

There are many different styles of dance, which fall into these general types:

     –Classic dance

Personal requirements for a Dancer

  • Discipline, dedication and perseverance.
  • Physically flexible and well-proportioned.
  • Good sense of rhythm.
  • An appreciation of music.
  • High-level technical and interpretive skills.
  • Good general health and an ability to reach high levels of fitness.
  • Good communication skills.

ASSIGNMENT

  1. To plan a dance is called _______________ . A. cinematography  B. photography C. Choreography D. Geography
  2. Dance is sometimes referred to _________________ . A. fine art  B. visual art  C. martial art  D. performing art
  3. The individual that arranges dance steps is known as _________________ . A. choreographer  B. cinematographer C. photographer D. musician
  4. Highlight two requirements for a dancer.

30/06/2020

Good afternoon students.

Correction to the assignment

  1. A
  2. C
  3. B
  4. D
  5. A
  6. A
  7. D
  8. A
  9. D
  10. B
  11. B
  12. D
  13. –
  14. A
  15. A

29/06/2020

Good morning my esteemed students. i believe you had a splendid night. May your day be blessed in Jesus name.

Please let us continue with our past questions.

Do not forget to copy the questions in your school notebooks for future purposes.

INSTRUCTION: Choose the correct option from lettered A-D

  1. The biggest instrument among the string family is __________ . A. double bass   B. guitar   C. viola   D. violin
  2. One of the following tribes is known with the musical instrument called “EKWE”. A. Yoruba  B. Hausa  C. Ibo  D. Judah
  3. What is the enharmonic of F sharp?  A. E flat  B. G flat  C. A flat  D. B flat
  4. Therapeutic music is used for ____________ . A. helping  B. giving  C. dancing  D. healing
  5. Which of the following is “Amen cadence”?  A. IV-I  B. V-I  C. I-IV  D. I-V
  6.  Dundun and Bata are classified as _____________ instrument. A. membranophonic  B. chordophonic  C. aerophonic  D. Idiophonic
  7. Sacred music is used for ___________ purposes. A. educational  B. political  C. social  D. religious
  8. Which of these expresses “very loud “ in music? A. ff  B. f  C. mf  D. pp
  9. The following musical instruments produce sound by blowing EXCEPT    A. kakaaki  B. Upe   C. trumpet  D. kora
  10. The character that opposes the major character in a play is a/an   A. actor  B. villain  C. protagonist  D. hero
  11. The arrangement of incidents in a play is called  __________ . A scene  B. plot  C. chapter  D. line
  12. All the African musical instruments are fabricated with animal skin EXCEPT ___________ . A. gangan  B. kalangu  C. bata  D. algaita
  13. A tonic triad consist of _________ notes.  A. six  B. five  C. four  D. five    
  14. A group of four (4) singers is referred to as ___________ .  A. quartet   B. trio   C. duet   D. solo
  15. How many  crotchet notes has a breve note? A. 8   B. 6   C. 4    D. 2

24/06/2020 Correction to the last assignment

  1. b
  2. a
  3. a
  4. c
  5. d
  6. c
  7. a
  8. b
  9. d
  10. b
  11. b
  12. b
  13. d
  14. c
  15. c

22/06/2020

Good morning wonderful students, I believe you had a nice weekend.

Please ensure you attempt this questions to aid your preparation towards the forthcoming external examination.

INSTRUCTION

Choose from lettered A-D the correct option.

  1. The extra lines written above or below the staff to accommodate notes is known as ________ . (a) double line (b) ledger line (c) melody (d) pitch
  2. The name given to a braced treble and bass on lines and spaces is called _________ . (a) great stave (b) bar line (c) ledger line (d) parallel line
  3. African traditional musical instruments are classified into how many groups? (a) 4  (b) 8  (c) 6  (d) 5
  4. These are non-musical functions of musical instruments EXCEPT (a) town crying (b) ritual homage (c) keyboard (d) soldiers’ parade
  5. A note written on a ledger line between treble and bass staff is _________ (a) upper C (b) lower C (c) medium C (d) middle C
  6. Two categories of drama personnel are _________ and _________ . (a) actors and casts (b) actors and actresses (c) cast and crew (d) audience and crew
  7. __________ is a period of temporary silence of sound in music which is expressed by means of signs. (a) Rest (b) Tonic (c) Scale (d) signature
  8. _________ is the smallest distance between any note and the next note higher or lower. (a) Tone (b) Semitone (c) Pitch (d) Scale
  9. A _______ is the distance consisting of two semitones. (a) scale (b) semitone (c) pitch (d) tone
  10. How many crotchets are there in a dotted minim? (a) 4  (b) 3  (c) 5  (d) 2
  11. Drama is the type of literature that is written to be _________. (a) enjoyed (b) performed (c) recited (d) sang
  12. What does a conductor stand upon to conduct? (a) platform (b) podium (c) stool (d) table
  13. __________ is the form of drama creation where a script is used as a guide. (a) aria (b) unscripted (c) plot (d) scripted
  14. What the conductor uses to conduct is __________ . (a) stick (b) ruler (c) baton (d) pen
  15. _________ is an art of drama in which actions are expressed in dance movement accompanied with music. (a) Dance (b) Music (c) Dance Drama (d) gesture   

18/06/2020 correction

  1. B
  2. D
  3. B
  4. A
  5. D
  6. A
  7. B
  8. D
  9. D
  10. B
  11. B
  12. B
  13. C
  14. B
  15. C

15/06/2020

Good morning our indefatigable students, I believe you are staying healthy and safe for the future. May God continue to watch over you in Jesus name. Amen.

For this week, we would need to fortify ourselves by answering some CCA2 NECO objective past questions.

Choose the appropriate answers to the following questions

  1. What is the enharmonic of F sharp? a. G sharp b. G flat c. E flat D. D flat
  2. Which period is also known as a bridge? a. baroque b. classical c. modern d. rococco
  3. Binary form is the same as ……………… a. AB b. ABA c. ABBA d. ABBCAB
  4. Who among the following does NOT belong to the Classical period composers? a. F.J. Haydn b. F Schubert c. G.F. Handel d. W.A. Mozart
  5. What is “Piano” in musical terms? a. fast b. loud c. slow d.soft
  6. How many notes are the least for a chord? a. 2 b.3 c.4 d.5
  7. The following are types of cadence EXCEPT …………………. a. imperfect b. important c. interrupted d. perfect
  8. What degree of musical scale is MEDIANT? a. fifth b. first c. fourth d. third
  9. Which of these is a perfect cadence? a. I-IV b. I-V c. II-V d. V-I
  10. There are ……………. types chromatic scale. a. 4 b. 2 c.3 d. 5
  11. Chromatic scale or octave consists of ……. notes or sounds. a. 14 b. 12 c. 13 d. 15
  12. Which of these lines do we score music? a. curve b. horizontal c. slant d. vertical
  13. A …………. is a progression of two chords that are arranged to give a logical ending to a musical phrase or sentence. a. triad b. tone c. cadence d. form
  14. ……………. therefore serves as a foundation stone of every work. a. Sentence b. Motive c. Phrase d. Binary
  15. Three part form is also known as ………………. form. a. binary b. musical c. ternary d. simplest

     

08-06-2020                   MUSICAL FORMS

A piece of music generally divides itself into clearly defined rhythmic or melodic sections which indicates the plan. All pieces of music are therefore built on a plan which constitutes the FORM of the music. Thus, the layout of a piece of music is considered to be the form.

It is very important to note that when analyzing a piece of music, motives, phrases and sentences of the piece of music are of great importance.

  1. MOTIVES: Motives are the smallest unit or figures of a musical composition and usually consist of at least two, three, four or more notes and have a clearly recognizable melodic or rhythmic figures which give life to a piece of music.
  2. PHRASES: A musical phrase can consist of one or more motives usually in two or four bars long and ends with some form of cadence. A phrase is however required to be followed by similar statement to produce a satisfactory balance.
  3. SENTENCES: A musical sentence consists of two or more phrases that brings the tune or main part of the tune to an end. However, it is even possible for one phrase to form a sentence in itself. A common length for a musical sentence is eight bars.

                                 ASSIGNMENT

  1. Differentiate between motives and phrases in music.
  2. Juxtapose between phrases and sentences in music.   

Explanation of;

Perfect and Imperfect Cadence

PERFECT CADENCE

A perfect cadence progression is written from Dominant (V) to Tonic (I). The progression is also being referred to as “Full Closed” cadence, because it has a feeling of finality and conclusion.

IMPERFECT CADENCE

An imperfect cadence is the progression from any note or to Dominant(V). It is usually preceded by Tonic (I), Super tonic (II), Sub dominant (IV) or Sub mediant (VI). This progression is also called “Half Closed” cadence.

  01/06/2020                               JSS3

CADENCES

A cadence is a progression of two chords that are arranged to give a logical end to a musical phrase or sentence.

There are four different kinds of cadence:

They are:

  1. PERFECT cadence
  2. IMPERFECT cadence
  3. PLAGAL cadence
  4. INTERRUPTED cadence

Three of the cadences (perfect, imperfect and plagal) can be built with primary trials, but the interrupted cadence requires a secondary trials.

CLASS ACTIVITY:

Explain these types of cadences:

  1. Perfect cadence
  2. Imperfect cadence

No Fields Found.

Hello wonderful students!

It’s been a while, i miss all so much.

I believe you are staying safe and healthy.

May God see us through this pandemic period in Jesus name.

We shall be having our classes on this platform for now.

It promises to be worth while and interesting.

Our topic for this week is:

CHROMATIC SCALES

The chromatic scale is entirely made up of semitones, and can be built from any note in both ascending and descending by moving from semitone to semitone. Its octave consists of twelve notes or sounds.

The chromatic also includes other notes which are not found in the DIATONIC ( major or minor ) SCALES. The notes of the chromatic scale therefore appear in both major and minor keys and are used to add colour to a piece of music.

The chromatic scale appear in two major forms;

a. Harmonic Chromatic scale

b. Melodic chromatic scale

Assignment

Write short notes on the following major forms of chromatic scale with the aid of appropriate solfa notes:

a. Harmonic chromatic scale

b. Melodic chromatic scale

No Fields Found.