JSS 3 ENGLISH LANGUAGE – KnowledgeMerchant

Wednesday 5TH AUGUST , 2020.

TOPIC : REVISION EXERCISES ON ANTONYMS.

Hello dear students!

Welcome to a new day in a new month. It is our month of new beginning in Jesus name.

Below are the exercises for today’s class, but before then, here are the corrections to the lesson of 22nd July, 2020.

CORRECTIONS TO 22ND JULY, 2020 EXERCISES.

(1)somersaulted (2)quarrelled (3) predecessor (4) morning (5)impromptu (6)exceed (7)guarantee 8)expantiate (9) forfeit ( 10)rheumatism (11)scissors

Now to today’s business!

ANTONYMS.

Directions: Choose the word that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters.

1. UNAPPROACHABLE

A. casual B. impenetrable C. unclear D. accessible

2. INSERT

A. embed B. admit C. extract D. boost

3. EVERYDAY

A. eerie B. unruly C. routine D. tedious

4. DEMOLISH

A. raze B. impair C. generate D. elevate

5. UNSETTLED

A. vague B. indeterminate C. straightforward D. conclusive

6. CEREMONIOUSLY

A. momentous B. stately C. proper D. informal

7. UNKNOWN

A. celebrated B. secret C. exotic D. successful

8. MINIMUM

A. valley B. median C. apex D. mean

9. FORTIFY

A. dispute B. alarm C. support D. sap

10. BIASED

A. inclined B. disastrous C. neutral D. unfair

11. UP

A. Down B. above C. inside

12. GIVE

A. share B. take C. release

13. LARGE

A. huge B. big C. small

14. UNHAPPY

A. glad B. sad C. calm

15. ANGER

A. happiness B. rage C. stupidity 16. MIDNIGHT

A. evening B. noon C. yesterday

17. FAT

A. short B. thick C. skinny

18. BUY

A. sell B. have C. hold

19. QUIT

A. stop B. end C. start

20. TIGHT

A. free B. loose C. firm

22ND JULY, 2020.

Hello dear students!

Below are the exercises for today’s class.

Choose the correct answer

The car (somersaulted,summersaulted,sumersaulted) two times.
If you have (quarrelled, quarelled,quarrled) with your parents, go and (appeal,apeall,appel) to them.
He was asked to copy his (predecesor,predecessor,predicessor)
The teacher punished the students because they were talking during the(mourning,morning,morring) assembly.
He was asked to give an (impromptu,impromnptu,improptu) speech.
You should not (exceed,exeed,exced)the dosage.
Does this(gurantee,guarantee,guarante) your safety there?
He tried to (expantiante, expantiate, expand) further by(citing,siting,sighting) other examples.
The man had to (forfeit,forfiet,forfeet) his new salary for the treatment of (rheumantism,rhueomantism,rheumanticsm).
Let me have that pair of (scissors,scisors,scissorrs) to cut this (cloth,clothe,clothes).

2OTH JULY, 2020.

Hello dear students! ✍️✍️✍️

Hope you are all doing great. Below are the exercises for today’s class.

These are the corrections to the exercise on Prepositions done on 8th July, 2020.

(1) to (2) in (3) at (4) to/of (5) with (6) at (7) in (8) by (9) on (10) with /to

(11) on (12) in (13) out (14) with (15) of (16) in (17) for (18) for (19) at (20) for/in

GRAMMAR
Confusing Words Exercise
Fill in the blanks with an appropriate word or phrase.

Just because you are old doesn’t mean you have to be ……………………….
idle, idol, idyll
Hindus worship ………………………….
idols, idylls, idles
Our Caribbean holiday was a perfect ……………………………………
idyll, idol, idle
The police are cracking down on ……………………………. gambling.
elicit, illicit, ilicit
The investigator was able to ………………………………….. a confession from the accused.
evict, elicit, illicit
The ………………………………. of youth fade with maturity.
allusions, illusions, elusions
The ……………………………. state of tranquility soon erupted into war.
illusory, allusory, illusive
An ……………………………. set director can always enhance the play.
imaginary, imaginative, imaginational
Lending someone your passport is an ……………………………. thing to do.
idiotic, fool,
The young men consumed an …………………………………. amount of wine and fell asleep.
immodest, immoderate, immaculate
The management and the trade union have reached an ……………………………
impasse, passe, impass
The water shortage …………………………………….. the city’s fire-fighting capacity.
impaled, impaired, unpaired
Put everything ……………………… the glasses in this box.
expect, except, exempt
The child had an ………………………… of energy.excess, excessive, access
The student did ………………………… research before writing the paper.
exhaustive, exhausted, exhausting.
The lease is ………………………… in saying that the rent must be paid by the 10th of every month.
explicit, implicit
It is not in the contract but it is ………………………. that the fee should be paid in advance.
explicit, implicit
18.. She ………………………. from the heat.
fainted, feinted
She has a great ………………………… for writing.
flair, flare, flyer
After a quick ……………………….. of temper, the boy calmed down.
flare, flair, flyer

8TH JULY, 2020.

TOPIC :REVISION ON PREPOSITIONS.

Hello dear students!

I hope you are all faring well. Today we would be doing some exercises on prepositions. But before then, the following are the corrections to the previous classwork.

(1) assistance (2) punishment (3) application (4) failure (5) equipment

(6) likelihood (7) photography (8) appearance (9) selling (10) electricity (11) misunderstanding (12) illustration (13) famous

(14) relieved (15) highly (16) competition (17) active

(18)explosive (19) inexpensive (20) decision.

Now here’s today’s work.

Exercises on Prepositions

Complete the sentences using a preposition from the ones given below 👇

AT – BY – FOR – IN – OF – ON – TO – WITH

(1) The young man has been addicted….. drugs for ages.

(2) Ebooks are very much – —- demand at the moment.

(3) It was love……. first sight.

(4) There isn’t any access…… the village because….. the road blocks.

(5) I’m afraid I’m not very good….. animals.

(6) I was shocked…… Sam’s behaviour.

(7) The commander was…… charge of all the troops in the region.

(8) She knocked over the vase….. mistake.

(9) She was able to visit him…… a regular basis.

(10) They worked hard but didn’t come up…… a solution…. the problem.

(11) He spoke…… behalf of his colleagues.

(12) We are…… good terms with our neighbours and I want it to stay like that.

(13) We ran out….. luck. All of the restaurants were closed.

(14) Don’t be angry….. me. I didn’t do anything wrong.

(15) I am absolutely capable…… preparing my own meal.

(16) She was….. high spirits because she had done well at the exam.

(17) …… the time being, we’ll have to do without the internet.

(18) You’re too early……. our lesson. why don’t you go get some coffee and wait outside.

(19) I am very keen…… trying to get the right job.

(20) You must pay….. your tickets….. advance.

6TH JULY, 2020.

TOPIC : REVISION EXERCISES ON WORD FORMATION.

Hello dear students!

I hope you are all doing great as well as keeping safe.

Welcome to a new week, it shall be a rewarding week in Jesus Name.

This week we shall be doing some revision exercises.

Here it goes….

Use the word in brackets to form a new word that fits in each blank.

1) He completed the report with the……
of his personal secretary. (ASSIST)
2) Very few countries still have forms of corporal……… In their laws. (PUNISH)
(3) Please write all the relevant information into this…….. form. (APPLY)
(4) My first attempt to ride a motorcycle ended in……. (FAIL).
(5) We have some brand new…… in our club (EQUIP) .
(6) The….. of the mayor calling an early election is quite slim (LIKELY).
(7) After retiring I decided to take up…..
as a new hobby. (PHOTOGRAPH)
(8) Some young people today don’t really care about their……. (APPEAR).
(9) Dad has made a huge profit from……
his house (SELL) .
(10)……… is the most useful form of energy (ELECTRIC) .
(11) She came in too late because of a…..
(UNDERSTAND).
(12) Children’s books contain very beautiful…
(ILLUSTRATE)

(13) I happen to know a lot of…..people (FAME).
14) He felt….. when he saw the results of the test (RELIEVE)
(15) The tree grew to a…. of over 20 metres. (HIGH)
(16) The runners from Jamaica won the…
(COMPETE)
(17) I lead an…. lifestyle. I work out, at least, three times a week. (ACT)
(18) TNT is a highly….. substance (EXPLODE)
(19) The food here is….. . Almost everyone can afford it (EXPENSIVE)
(20) The company manager will have to make a……. at the beginning of next week. (DECIDE)
(21) He is respected because of his….. to other people. (KIND)
(22) Everyone who knows him admires his…..
(GENEROUS)
(23) I would like to make a…. about the room service in this hotel (COMPLAIN)
(24) He can never wait, He’s always so….. . (PATIENT)
(25) Playing golf and meeting other people has been….. to my career (BENEFIT)
(26) The Internet has made….. between distant parts of the world easier (COMMUNICATE)
(27) Marty is a very….. boy. He never risks anything (SENSE)
(28)… should be everyone’s watchword.
(HUMBLE)

(29) Covid-19 is a……. contagious disease. (HIGH)

(30) To mark the school’s twentieth anniversary, a…. match was played by the invited schools. (NOVEL)

1st July, 2020

Hello students. Hope you are keeping safe.

TOPIC: SINGULAR AND PLURAL

Give the singular of:

Boxes
Mice
Flies
Cloth
Sheep
Teeth
Halves
Masters Okors
Heroes
Geese
Oases
Days
Mrs. Osodis
Armies
Misses Sumukos
Chiefs
Mr. Okons
Deer
Lookers-on
Jet-fighters

Change all singulars into plurals:

The rabbit came out of the hole.
The woman took the sharp knife.
The child played in the school.
The player wore a light boot.
The thief jumped over the wall.
The gentleman wore his blue shirt.
The dentist pulled out his bad tooth.
The honest taxi-driver returned to her.
A police constable arrested the criminal.
The fisherman caught a snake in his trap.
The mouse disturbed the master.
He opened my door with his key.

29th June, 2020

Hello students. Hope you are keeping safe.

TOPIC: SINGULAR AND PLURAL

A noun which refers to one person, animal, place or thing is singular; e.g man, goat, basket. A noun which refers to more than one person, animal, place or thing is plural e.g men, goats, baskets. We can form plurals in various ways:

1.By adding ‘s’

Singular Plural

cat cats
roof roofs
week weeks
dog dogs
plate plates
cloth cloths

Note: The words clot and cloths refer to pieces of material. Clothes are what we wear and the word is never written in the singular.

2. By adding ‘es’

Singular Plural

Church Churches
Potato Potatoes
Gas Gases
Hero Heroes
Dress Dresses

3. By changing ‘y’ into ‘i’ before adding ‘es’

Singular Plural

Lady Ladies
City Cities

4. By changing ‘f’ to ‘v’ before adding ‘es’

Singular Plural

Leaf Leaves
Calf Calves
Loaf Loaves

5. By changing one or more vowels

Singular Plural

man men
tooth teeth
oasis oases

6. By adding ‘en’

Singular Plural

ox oxen
child children

7. Some words do not change

Singular Plural

sheep sheep
swine swine
deer deer

8. Compound words

Singular Plural

passer-by passers-by
step-child step-children
man-of-war men-of-war
man-servant man-servants
hanger-on hangers-on

9. Some nouns have 2 forms of plural

Singular Plural

penny pennies, pence
pea peas, pease
genius geniuses, genii

10. A few words have no singulars: scissors, pliers, trousers, equipment, spectacles etc

11. Plurals of proper nouns

Singular Plural

Andrew Andrews
Eze Ezes
Mr. Agu Mr. Agus

CLASSWORK

What are the plurals of these words:

Thief
Wolf
Ox
Mouse
Baby
Goose
Watch
Key
Foot
Bye-law

24TH JUNE , 2020.

SUBJECT :ENGLISH LANGUAGE

TOPIC : THE POSSESSIVE FORM OF NOUNS

Hello dear students! ✍️✍️✍️✍️

I presume you are all doing great.

Before we start today’s class, here are the corrections to the last class work.

1).although. 2) in spite of. 3) although. 4) because. 5)because

6) in spite of. 7) although. 8) because of. 9) although. 10) in spite of

11)in spite of.. 12) because. 13) because of. 14) although

Now let’s look at TODAY’S LESSON

FORMING THE POSSESSIVE
The possessive form is used with nouns referring to people, groups of people, countries, and animals.
‘Belonging to‘ or ‘ownership‘ is one of the relationships it expresses :

John owns a car. (‘John’ is the possessor or owner)
It is John’s car. Nigeria has some gold reserves. (Nigeria’ is the owner )
They are Nigeria’s gold reserves.
It can also express other relationships, for example:

where someone works or studies or spends time:

Examples…

John goes to this school. This is John’s school.
John sleeps in this room. This is John’s room.
a family relationship:
**John’s mother
**The Queen’s daughter
qualities:
*’John’s patience.
**The politician’s hypocrisy.
Form
To form the possessive, add ‘s (‘apostrophe -s’) to the noun.
–(If the noun is plural, or already ends in -s , just add: ‘ (an apostrophe).
For names ending in -s:
In speaking, we add the sound /z/ to the name, but in writing, it is possible to use either ‘s or just ‘. The ‘s form is more common. e.g. Thomas’s book, James’s shop,Jesus’ s blood.
Examples
**The car of John = John’s car.
**The room of the girls = The girls’ room.
**Clothes for men = Men’s clothes.
**The sister of Charles = Charles ‘ sister.
**The boat of the sailors = The sailors’ boat.
There are also some fixed expressions where the possessive form is used:
Time expressions Other expressions
**a day ‘ s work
**For God’s sake!
**a fortnight’s holiday
**a pound’s worth of apples.
**a month’s pay
**the water’s edge
**today’s newspaper
**a stone’s throw away (= very near)
**in a year’s time
**at death’s door (= very ill)
**in my mind’s eye (= in my imagination)
The possessive is also used to refer to shops, restaurants, churches and colleges, using the name or job title of the owner.
Examples:
the grocer’s, the doctor’s, the vet’s
the news agent’s, the chemist’s Smith’s
the dentist’s,
Saint Mary’s, Saint James’s …
**Shall we go to Josephine’s for lunch?
**I’ve got an appointment at the dentist’s at eleven o’clock.
**Is Saint Mary’s an all-girls school?

ASSESSMENT

Complete these sixteen sentences to score your knowledge of POSSESSIVE Grammar.

My sister bought that new car last week. That car is – – – –
a) his b) hers c) her
The cat was hungry and tired, so it ate all – – – food and fell asleep.
a) it’s b) its C) it
The blue car isn’t my sister’s car. The green one is – – – car.
a)her b) she c) her
It’s not theirs, it’s …. We bought it yesterday.
a)our b)them c)ours
Excuse me. Have you seen … cell phone? I lost it.
a) mine b) my c) me
What time does … English class begin?
a) yours b) your c) you
That dog belongs to my neighbor. It’s – – – dog.
a) our b) their c) his
… friend is over there by the cafeteria. Can you see him?
a) Me b) My c) Mine
Is this … pen? Does it belong to you?
a) you b) yours c) your
Her friend says it’s …, but I think
it belongs to them.
a) her b) his c) our
No, that’s not …. That pen is blue. My pen is green.
a) me b) mine c) my
What do you like to do in … free time?
a) your b) ours c) yours
—-home is located downtown, so it’s close to my work place.a) We
b) Ours c) Our

I don’t think that sandwich is mine. I think it’s ….
a) her b) yours c) their
My brother doesn’t like … new job because it’s very boring.
a) his b) it’s c) he
Is it his, hers, yours, ours, or …? I really don’t know!
a) they b) theirs c) them
15 – 16 = Excellent 13 – 14 = Good 12 or Less = Study More!

22ND JUNE, 2020.

SUBJECT :ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

Aspect : GRAMMAR.

TOPIC : LINKING WORDS.

Hello dear students!

Welcome to a new week.

Our topic this week is on:

Linking Words
A linking word is a conjunction that is used to join two or more words, phrases and clauses together.

Now let’s learn more about words used as linking words:

** That
1) He knows that you will come again.
2) Who is the man that can do it?
3) We eat that we may live.

** Who, Which, What:
1) I know the man who came here.
2) This is the book which is now out of print.
3) I do not know what they want.

** How, Where, When, While:
1) He wanted to know how I would go.
2) He wanted to know where I would go.
3) He wanted to know when I would go. .
4) You should not run in the field while it rains.

** Before, After :
1) They had reached home before the rain started.
2) We returned home after the sun had set.
3) I shall start for school after eating my lunch.
4) He will not go out to play before finishing the lesson.

**As, Because:
1) As he was ill, he did not attend school.
2) He did not attend school because he was ill.

** Whereas :
Kemi is very hardworking, whereas her brother is lazy.
** In order to :
—In order to learn English you have to practise the four skills.
** Though, But:
1) Though he is poor, he is honest.
2) He is poor but honest.
** Both – – – – and :
1) Wole Soyinka was both a poet and a dramatist.
2) Both Wale and Kate are industrious.
3) He will go both to Lagos and Abuja .
4) He will both read and write.
** Or:
Read or you will fail.
** If, Whether:
1) If you read, you will learn
2) Stay here if he does not come.
3) I do not know whether he came.
** Unless, until, till :
1) Unless you work hard you cannot shine in life.
2) Wait here until I return.
3) They worked in the field till the sun set.
** Either ……….. or :
1) Either Esther or her brothers have done it.
2) He will either read or write
3) I shall go either to Lagos or Abuja .
4) He will either play or work.
** Neither ……….. nor:
1) Neither James nor his father works here.
2) I shall neither wait nor tell others to wait.
3) He will neither write nor read.
4) Neither he nor his friends are present now.
**Whoever:
Whoever you may be, I do not care for you.
** Since:
1) It is a week since I came here.
2) A week has passed since I came here.
3) Since you are ill, you cannot go there.
** Than:
Claudia is taller than Clement
**Such …….. as
Such a kind man as Mr Brown is rarely found.
**Provided:
You can stay here, provided (on condition that) You will not speak.
** Whatever:
Let him do whatever he likes.
** As soon as :
As soon as the teacher came, the students became quiet.

So……:…… that :
He is so weak that he cannot walk
** So long:
God will bless us so long our purpose is honest.

EXERCISES

Complete the sentences below with : although, in spite of, because and because of

(1) – – – – – it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holidays.

(2) – – – – – all our careful planning, a lot of things went wrong.

(3) – – – – – – we had planned everything carefully, many things went wrong.

(4) I went home early—- I was not feeling well.I went to work the next day – – – – – – I was feeling unwell.

(5) She only accepted the job— the salary, which was very high.

(6) She accepted the job – – – – the salary, which was rather low.

(7) I managed to get some sleep – – – – there was a lot of noise.

(8) I couldn’t get to sleep – – – – the noise.

(9) He passed the exam – – – – he hadn’t studied very much.

(10) I ate a lot – – – – my stomach ache.

(11) – – – – what I said yesterday, I still love you.

(12) We didn’t go out—- it was raining.

(13) We had to stay at the airport – – – the controllers strike.

(14) I didn’t get the job – – – – I had all the necessary qualifications.

17th June, 2020

TOPIC……….DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Hello students. Hope you are keeping safe.

DIRECT SPEECH is the speech or sentence as it comes out from the mouth of a speaker. It contains all the actual words used by the speaker. The speaker’s words are incorporated in writing by quotation marks within the reporting sentence and retain the status of an independent clause. The reporting clause may be classified as a common clause.

Rules of Direct Speech

After the subject (speaker) and verb, put a comma.
Put quotation marks before you start writing the first word of his speech.
Write in capital the first letter of the first word of his speech.
Put the appropriate punctuation mark at the end of the speech. e.g. full stop, a question mark, or an exclamation mark.
Finally close the speech with quotation marks.

Examples: Olu said. “I am in my house

He said, “The world is round”

INDIRECT SPEECH is the reported version of the speaker’s statement. It subordinates the words of the speaker in a way that – clause within the reporting sentence.

Rules of Indirect Speech

In reported or indirect speech, the following rules must be observed.

After mentioning the speaker (subject) and the verb, the reported speech is introduced with the conjunction’that’ where appropriate.
All the verbs in the present tense in a quotation must be changed to the past tense e.g. ‘says’ to ‘said’. ‘has’ to ‘had’, ‘is’ to ‘was’, ‘can’ to ‘could’, ‘may’ to ‘might’, ‘shall’ to ‘should’, ‘will’ to ‘would’. Note that the verb must not be changed if it expresses a permanent truth or customary fact. e.g “He said the world is round”.
All the pronouns must be changed to third person. e.g. ‘I’ to ‘he’, ‘me ‘ to ‘him’ or ‘her’, ‘we’ to ‘they’, ‘our’ to ‘their’
All words of nearness must be changed to corresponding words of remoteness, e.g. ‘now’ to ‘then’, ‘here’ to ‘there’, ‘this’ to ‘that’, ‘these’ to ‘those’,’yesterday’ to ‘the previous day’, ‘tomorrow’ to ‘the next day’, ‘last week’ to ‘the previous week’ and ‘next year’ to ‘the following year’.

CLASSWORK

Change this direct speech to indirect speech

Olu said, “I am in my house.”
Ojo remarked, “My team, plays well.”
He said, “The world is round.”
Mr. Aina told the students, “Go out.”
The lady asked, “Is your mother in the house?”

CORRECTION TO NOUNS

Subject of the verb ‘ has done’
Object of the verb ‘ have bought’
Complement of the subject ‘ the women’
Complement of preposition ‘from’
A choir of singers
A swarm of bees
An army of soldiers
A class of scholars
A staff of teachers
A school of fishes

15th June, 2020

Hello students. Hope you are all keeping safe.

TOPIC: NOUN

Noun is a name of anything, any place, anybody, any idea, state or action. Everything named, be it human, animate or inanimate, is a noun. It can be therefore simply be defined as name of a person e.g (Ade); place e.g (Idanre); thing e.g (car) quality e.g fairness, e.t.c.

TYPES OF NOUN

Broadly speaking, nouns may be classified into four types:

(1) Common noun – which may be countable or uncountable (2) Proper nouns (3)Abstract/Concrete nouns (4)Collective nouns.

Common Nouns

A common noun is the name given to things that have common features or characteristics, origin e.t.c Example: There are many brands of the product on four wheels that can convey from a place to another. There are Toyota, Mercedes Benz, Mazda and so on. A name that is common to these things(Toyota, Benz, Mazda,) is CAR. Therefore “car’ is a common noun. Also creatures that walk n four legs, be it domestic or wild (dog, lion, cow, goat, elephant e.t.c) have a common name, ANIMAL. Other examples are woman, village, building, e.t.c.

It has been noted that common nouns are either countable or uncountable. Countable common nouns are those that can be counted and they usually have Singular and Plural forms. They don’t begin with capitals unless they begin sentences. Examples are: boy- boys table – tables Uncountable nouns are nouns that can not be counted, and so have only the singular forms – i.e we cannot conceive of them in plural forms. Examples are cheese, music, equipment, water, education, cream, e.t.c.

Proper Nouns

Proper nouns are names of cities e.g Ibadan, Lagos Persons e.g Bolu, Afeez Countries e.g Nigeria. Ghana. Months e.g January, June. Days of the week e.g Monday, Thursday. Title e.g Chief, Mr. e.t.c. Proper nouns always start with capital letters no matter where they occur in sentences.

Abstract Nouns

Anything that cannot be seen or touched is know as abstract. Therefore, abstract nouns are things that cannot be seen and touched but coud be felt. Examples are: happiness, love, freedom, anger, hunger, air, wind, voice, sound and so on.

Abstract nouns are uncountable nouns because they cannot be counted.

Concrete Nouns

These are things we can see and touch. All concrete nouns are countable nouns. Even water, oil, rice e.t.c are countable because we can see and touch them. They can therefore be counted through measurement. e.g. a cup of water; two cups of water. a bottle of oil; ten bottles of oil.

Collective Nouns

A collective noun is the collection of things or the name that is given to a group of things or individuals as if they were one individual. It is usually singular in form but plural in meaning. They are considered singular or plural nouns depending on whether the group is considered as an entity or made up of several members or the purpose it serves. If it refers to the group as a unit, it is singular, but if it considers separate members in the group, it is plural. For example: (a) The board was set by the President — Singular (b) The board have been fighting with one another —- Plural

In the above sentences, the collective noun board is singular in (a) and plural in (b).

Other examples of collective noun are: a flock of sheep, galaxy of stars, a nest of mice, a string of beads, a bevy of ladies, a library of books, a bouquet of flowers.

FUNCTIONS OF NOUNS

The nouns as part of speech perform the following functions:

(1) The noun serves as subject of a verb Examples Happiness is a doctor (2) The noun serves as “Object of a verb” Examples My father beats Ade (3) The noun serves as complement of a subject Examples The conductors are thieves For better understanding, we have to note that nouns can serve as Object complement, Subject complement, and Preposition complement. Examples (4) Ade and Akin are friends – Subject complement (5) He calls the boys thieves – Object complement (6) Oladipo bought a piece of land from Yemi. – “from” is preposition while “Yemi” is complement of preposition.

CLASSWORK. What are the functions of the nouns? (1) Itunu has done her assignment. (2) The students have bought their books. (3) The women are doctors. (4) Tunde bought a drink for Raphel.

What are the collective nouns of the following?

A _____ of singers
A _____ of bees
An ____ of soldiers
A _____ of scholars
A _____ of teachers
A ______ of fishes

10TH JUNE , 2020.

SUBJECT : ENGLISH LANGUAGE

TOPIC : READING COMPREHENSION.

Hello dear students ✍️✍️✍️
I hope you are all doing great. Stay safe as you remain sandwiched between the Peace of God and the God of Peace in Jesus name!🙏

Corrections to the previous class on Order of Adjectives.

1) a gorgeous green – eyed girl (2) a long dark wooden table ( 3) our nice French arts teacher (4) a friendly fat young man ( 5) our boring tall headmaster (6) a flimsy pink cardboard box ( 7) a horrible greedy business man (8) a perfect new system (9) my smelly old maths teacher (10) a big old brown bear (11) a 19th century Scottish castle (12) an arrogant middle – class student (13) a small black box (14) a nasty spoilt little boy (15) a beautiful old Spanish city (16) intelligent young Nigerian (17) three empty water bottles (18) my boring old philosophy teacher (19) a nice yellow bow tie (20) a big brown German shepherd.

Comprehension Passages: Points to Ponder.

Your friend and you decided to play a game in which one person will tell a story and the second one has to answer the related questions asked. Firstly, your friend tells you a story and asks some questions. What will you try to do while listening to the story and answering the questions? You will try to listen as carefully and as dedicatedly as possible. You will try to find the answers from the story and not make your own assumptions. This is the basic idea of solving comprehension passages.

In today’s class , we will learn about solving comprehension passages. Pay close attention please, as you come along…. 🤗

The word comprehension means the ability to understand what you listen to or what you read. It is an exercise which aims at improving or testing one’s ability to understand a language. Try to remember your English class at school. Each day you were taught new lessons.

The stories, the poem, the questions, and answers were unseen to you before you read them. Similarly, in a comprehension test, you are given a passage or a paragraph or two. These paragraphs show the idea or mood, concerning issues and their solutions that the author provides. Your main task is to answer the questions asked from the passage, right? Of course, it is! ✌️

Reading comprehension is not only about being able to communicate what is written on the page, but also understanding it and making sense of it.
Things to do to improve your reading comprehension.
There are a number of things you can do to improve your reading comprehension. When reading :
**read the passage as fast as possible because you have a limited time.
**underline important lines to answer the questions as this will help you to analyze the main idea of the passage or the the tone and mood of the author.

**when you come across a word that you are not familiar with, write it down and look it up later. You will be much more likely to understand that word, the next time you see it.
**also try to understand some certain unfamiliar words by reading the line thoroughly. The theme of the line will help you to understand the meaning of the word.
**Every time, you read something, do not ignore an unknown word to find its meaning immediately. This will help you a lot to learn new words but don’t forget to use them in your day to day conversations, whenever possible. By doing this, your vocabulary store house increases.
** look out for answers that cannot be seen directly from the passage, this is where you need inferential reasoning (to assume, to reach a conclusion by using logic reasoning ).
** look back at the paragraph when in doubt before you answer the question.

I believe this has greatly improved your knowledge on comprehension.

Now, read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.

One day in 1924, five men who were camping in the Cascade Mountains of Washington saw a group of huge apelike creatures coming out of the woods. They hurried back to their cabin and locked themselves inside. While they were in, the creatures attacked them by throwing rocks against the walls of the cabin. After several hours, these strange hairy giants went back into the woods.

After this incident the men returned to the town and told the people of their adventure. However, only a few people accepted their story. These were the people who remembered hearing tales about footprints of an animal that walked like a human being.

The five men, however, were not the first people to have seen these creatures called Bigfoot. Long before their experience, local Native Americans were certain that a race of apelike animals had been living in the neighbouring mountain for centuries. They called these creatures Sasquatch.

In 1958, workmen, who were building a road through the jungles of Northern California often found huge footprints in the earth around their camp.

Then in 1967, Roger Patterson, a man who was interested in finding Bigfoot went into the northern California jungles with a friend. While riding, they were suddenly thrown off from their horses. Patterson saw a tall apelike animal standing not far away. He managed to shoot seven rolls of film of the hairy creature before the animal disappeared in the bushes. when Patterson’s film was shown to the public, not many people believed his story.

In another incident, Richard Brown, a music teacher and also an experience hunter spotted a similar creature. He saw the animal clearly through the telescopic lens of his rifle. He said the creature looked more like a human than an animal.

Later many other people also found deep footprints in the same area. In spite of regular reports of sightings and footprints, most experts still do not believe that Bigfoot really exists.

QUESTIONS

1) What did the five campers do when they saw a group of apelike creatures?

(A)They attacked the creatures by throwing rocks at them. (B)They ran into the woods and hid there for several hours. (C)They threw rocks against the walls of their cabin to frighten the creatures away. (D)They quickly ran back into their cabin and locked the cabin door.

2) Did the town people believe the story of the five men about their meeting with Bigfoot ? (A)No, not everyone believed their story. (B)All the people believed what they said. (C)Some said the five men were making up their own story. (D)Only those who had heard the same tale the second time believed them.

3) Who were the first people to have seen these apelike creatures before the five campers ?

(A)The workers who built the road in the jungles of Northern California. (B)Roger Patterson and his friend. (C)The local Native Americans. (D)Richard Brown, a music teacher and a hunter.

4) The word neighbouring would BEST be replaced with

(A) far-off (B) nearby (C) remote (D) far-away

5) Who called the apelike creatures ‘Sasquatch’ ? (A) The five campers (B) The local Native Americans (C) Roger Patterson (D) Richard Brown

6) Which of the following pairs is INCORRECT? (A)creatures — animals (B)woods — jungles (C)spotted — saw (D)huge — hairy

7) The BEST title for this passage would be

(A)The adventures of the five campers. (B)The experts and the existence of Bigfoot. (C)The creature called Bigfoot. (D)The adventures of Bigfoot.

8) Give a word or phrase that can be used to replace the following as used in the passage :

(a) incident (b) spotted (C) footprints (d)disappeared

(e ) cabin

8TH JUNE, 2020.

TOPIC : ORDER OF ADJECTIVES.

Hello dear students! ✍️✍️

Hope you had a great weekend. The peace of the Lord be with you all in Jesus name.

Our topic this week shall be on how to correctly arrange two or more adjectives in the right order in a sentence.

When two or more adjectives are required to describe something, there is an established order for the adjectives.
There are 2 basic positions for adjectives:

** before the noun
** after some verbs (be, become, get, seem, look, feel, sound, smell, taste)
Ẹ. g.
The fragrance smells nice.
You look lovely. Etc.

**Adjective Before Noun
–We often use more than one adjective before the noun:

1) I like big black dogs.
11) She was wearing a beautiful long red dress.
**What is the correct order for two or more adjectives?
First of all, the general order is:

opinion, fact

“Opinion” is what you think about something. “Fact” is what is definitely true about something.
The order is generally as follows:
opinion
size
age
shape
colour
origin
material
purpose

The following example with eight adjectives is ordered correctly:
A lovely, large,old, round, black, Spanish, wooden, mixing bowl
(These adjectives are modifying the noun bowl.)

opinion——(lovely)
size – – – – —(large)
age – – – – – – -old)
shape——– (round)
colour——— (black)
origin———- (Spanish)
material—— (wooden)
purpose——- (mixing)

** A small 18th-century French coffee table.
** A rectangular black wooden box.

Determiners usually come first, even though some grammarians regard them as fact adjectives:

articles———— (a, the)
possessives – – – (my, your…)
demonstratives – – (this, that…)
quantifiers – – – – – – – (some, any, few, many…)
numbers – – – – – – – – – (one, two, three)
Note: When we want to use two colour adjectives, we join them with “and”:

Examples :
** Many newspapers are black and white.
** She was wearing a long, blue and yellow dress.

Here are some invented examples of longer adjective phrases. A noun phrase which included all these types would be extremely rare.
Example :
She was a

1——beautiful,

2——-tall,
3——-thin,
5——-young,
6——-black-haired,
7——–Scottish woman.

***What an
1—-amazing,
2——little,
5——-old,
7——–Chinese cup and saucer

And is less common when more than one adjective comes before the noun (e.g. a warm, welcoming place). However, we can use and when there are two or more adjectives of the same type, or when the adjectives refer to different parts of the same thing:

It was a blue and green cotton shirt.
(material) coffee (purpose) mug

Finally to summarize all what we have been explaining all these while :

Here are some examples of each type of adjective:

Opinion Adjectives
good / bad / great / terrible
beautiful / pretty / sexy / comfortable
ugly / awful / strange / uncomfortable
delicious / disgusting / tasty / nasty
important / excellent / wonderful / brilliant
funny / interesting / boring

General Size Adjectives
big / huge / tall / long / enormous / gigantic
small / little / tiny / short

Shape Adjectives
Round / square / triangular / rectangular / flat

Age Adjectives
old / ancient
new / young

Color Adjectives
Red, blue, yellow, etc.

Nationality/Origin Adjectives
Italian, Ghanaian, Nigerian, German, French, etc.

Material Adjectives
Gold, silver, copper
Cotton, leather, polyester, wool, silk, velvet, nylon
Wooden, stone, diamond, plastic

Purpose Adjectives
“Purpose adjectives” are almost like part of the noun. They describe what the object is used for:

running shoes
a sleeping bag
a flower vase
a frying pan
a tennis racket

Other Adjectives
There are other adjectives that don’t fall into the categories above. For these, the essential rule to remember is that opinion adjectives always come before fact adjectives (appearance and other “descriptive” adjectives):

delicious (opinion) organic (fact) food
crazy (opinion) religious (fact) people
interesting (opinion) cultural (fact) traditions
confusing (opinion) financial (fact) data

How To Learn The Correct Order Of Adjectives
Although studying the order of adjectives in English Language can help… there reaches a point where you will learn them best simply by seeing and hearing them in action.

***ASSESMENT
Order the words below according to the position of adjectives before a noun.

Opinion /size/age/shape/colour
Origin /material/purpose

Ẹ. g.

**great oranges big some

— some great big oranges

1) green eyed gorgeous a girl
2) wooden dark a table long
3) a nice teacher French arts
4) man a fat friendly young
5) tall our headmaster boring
6) pink flimsy cardboard
7) a businessman horrible greedy
8) new a perfect system
9) my teacher old Maths smelly
10) a big old brown bear
11) 19th century a Scottish castle
12) student arrogant an middle-class
13)black small box Turkish a old
14)spoilt boy nasty a little
15) city a Spanish beautiful old
16) Nigerian intelligent young
17) water empty three bottles
18) my Philosophy teacher boring old
19) yellow a nice bow tie
20) shepherd a brown German big

4th, June 2020.

Hello students. Hope you are all keeping safe.

TOPIC…….PREPOSITION AND CONJUNCTION

A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun or a pronoun and some other words in a sentence. The preposition shows relationship that exists between words.

FUNCTIONS OF PREPOSITION

The major function of preposition is to show a relationship in space between one word and another. It can also be used in the following ways.

To express time and date, e.g

a. At a time: at night, e.t.c

The trial started at 4.00 p.m. (at exactly 4)

b. In time

The principal arrived in time(not late) or before the time.

NOTE: “in time” can also mean eventually or in the end. e.g. The people will accept the petrol price in time.

c. On a day I will travel on Friday. (a particular day)

d. On time (means at the time arranged). The graduation ceremony will start on time.

2. To show relationship in space, e.g

Good students stay away from cheating.

The Pastor is on the stage.

3. Pairs of preposition used for specific references.

a. In and into

“In” is used to express location or postion

e.g. She is in the office.

“Into”is used to show entrance.

e.g He goes into the house.

b. From and Since

“From” is used for time and space while “Since” is used for time. e.g.

We go to school from 7:30 a.m till 3 p.m.

c. At and in

e.g I was in the lake.

The sentence above indicates being actually in the lake.

d. For and since

“For” is used to express a period of time e.g.

Bolu lived in Ibadan for four years.

“For” used with the simple past tense indicates a period of time that has ended. e.g I lived in Akure for five years. (I don’t live there now)

“For” indicates a period of time extending into the present when it is used with the present perfect tense.

e.g I have been in All Souls High School for one week.

Since shows a point in time. It denotes the time that an action begins and its continuation up to the time of speaking. it always goes with the perfect aspect. e.g. The Governor has been in power since 1999.

CONJUNCTIONS

These are words that are used to join sentences, clauses, phrases or words. e.g. “and, yet, but, or, nor, for,so,” e.t.c.

FUNCTIONS OF CONJUNCTION

Conjunctions coordinate words. e.g.

I bought a pencil and a ruler for examination.

2. Conjunctions coordinate phrases:

The boys in the class or beside the building

3. Conjunctions join clauses or phrases.

Johnson has not apologised, nor does he intend to do so.

CLASSWORK

Underline the prepositions and conjunctions in these sentences

The webinar began at 12 p.m
She arrived for the meeting just in time.
She learnt her lessons on time.
The bus travels from Lagos to Abuja every day.
The President lives in Abuja.
She pours the water into the bottle.
I have been in school since 2001.
The red shirt and the blue one are on the window.
Yemi is good or lazy.
Dapo does not cook, nor does he intend to.

1st June, 2020.

Hello Students,

Happy new month. Hope you are keeping safe. Don’t forget to wash your hands and social distance.

TOPIC: ADJECTIVES

An adjective is a word that is used to qualify a noun or pronoun. It enlarges the meaning but narrows the application. A morphological definition of an adjective is the following paradigm:

Good—–better—–best

Kind—–kinder—–kindest

Beautiful—-more beautiful—-most beautiful

FUNCTIONS/POSITIONS OF ADJECTIVE

(a) Adjective may be used attributively. It is used attributively if it is placed before a noun or a pronoun it modifies or qualifies.

Example: The manager may give expert advice.

That dark boy is the boss.

(b) An adjective can be used predicatively. This is when the adjective is separated from the noun it qualifies or modifies and is preceded by the verb “to be” or any other verb that has incomplete predicate.

For example: The blue car is expensive.( “blue” as attributive; “expensive” as predicative)

The expensive car is blue.(“expensive” as attributive; “blue” as predicative

Predicative adjectives at times are preceded by the nouns or pronouns they qualify e.g They set the thief ablaze.

(d) An adjective can also serve as a noun. In this case, it occurs as the head pf a noun phrase. This is called upgrading i.e the adjective has been upgraded to function as a noun. When this happens, such ‘noun’ takes a plural verb as in the following example: The wise need no advice from the foolish.

CLASSWORK

Jide bought a new boat.
The question was tough.
We consider him competent.
Are you serious?
The poor depend on the rich.
That smart girl is pretty
The sleek purse is heavy
Is he brilliant?

28th May, 2020.
Subject :English Language
ASPECT :STRUCTURE
TOPIC : TENSE
Hello dear students!
Last week we learned a great deal on various ways of using capital letters.
I believe you have started making conscious effort in using capital letters appropriately.

Below are the corrections to the last class exercise.

(1) My birthday is next Friday.

(2) He loves Italian food.

(3) Independence Day is celebrated on July 4.

(4) Gerry speaks English, French and Spanish.

(5) The highest mountain is Mount Everest.

(6) His favourite season is Summer.

(7) She lives in London and I live in Paris.

(8) Do they like Shakespearean Sonnet?

(9) The Nobel Prize in Literature was first awarded in 1901.

(10) We spent our holidays in Calabar and stayed at the Obudu Cattle Ranch.

If you are able to get :

5 out of 10=Fair,6/7 out of 10=Fairly good, 8/9 out of 10=Good, while 10=Very Good.

Today our focus will be on Tenses. Before we start, kindly read the short passages below.
Passage A :
Kola is a boy. He lives in Moscow . He attends a Government High School. He is fond of pet-animals. He has a cat. He loves it very much.

The passage above describes the action of present time. The sentences belong to present tense.

Note: Therefore, a present tense describes an action in the present time. This tense of verb will be good for a descriptive composition.
Passage B :

Mohammad Ali was a farmer. He had a lot of land. He grew different crops plentifully. He used to rise early. He was in good health. He worked very hard. But he lived a happy life.

This passage describes the action of past time. These are the sentences of past tense.

Note: Past tense describes an action in the past time. This type of tense will be most appropriate for a narrative composition because it recounts past actions.
Passage C:
James will rise early in the morning. He will go to school. There will be a sports programme in the school tomorrow. He will take part in three events.

This passage describes the action of future time. These are the sentences of future time.

The sentences describe the action of future. They belong to future tense.

What then do we mean by the word Tense?
Tense is the change of form in a verb to express the time of action. That is, tense indicates the time when the action of a verb occurs.

Now, study the table below for the various types of Tenses…

Present Tenses in English Language
Simple Present Tense	They walk home.
Present Continuous Tense	They are walking home.
Simple Past Tense.	John lived in Lagos for several years.
Past Continuous Tense	I was eating when she arrived.
Past Perfect Tenses in English Language
Present Perfect Tense	I have lived here since 2012.
Present Perfect Continuous	I have been living here for years.
Past Perfect	We had been to see her several times before she visited us.
Past Perfect Continuous	He had been watching her for some time when she turned and smiled.

NFuture Perfect	We will have arrived in Abuja by the time you get this letter.
Future Past Continuous	By the end of your course, you will have been studying for five years.
Future Tenses in English Language
Simple Future Tense	They will go to Kaduna next week.
Future Continuous Tense	I will be travelling by air.

Now, we will focus on the Present Tense of the verb today.

Present Tenses

Now you have to learn that each of the three principal tenses has four forms namely:

(a) Present Indefinite Tense

(b) Present Continuous Tense

(d) Present Perfect Continuous Tense.

1.Present Indefinite Tense is used to express:

(i)A universal or general truth : ẹ. g

** The earth moves round the sun.

**Honesty is the best policy.

(ii) A habitual or permanent action

Ẹ. g:

**He reads the Bible every day.

**My watch keeps right time.

(iii) A near future action ẹ.g

**The school opens next week.

**He returns tomorrow.

Note : This usage is common with verbs of motion: Come, go, start, return, begin, close etc.

(iv) A present action:

**It rains.

** He walks.

(v) Quotations from authors: John Keats says, “A thing of beauty is a joy for ever”.

2. Present Continuous Tense expresses:

(1) An action going on at present. Ẹ. g:

**I am writing.

**He is playing.

(11) An immediate future action.

** I am returning next week.

This tense is not used with the following verbs called verbs of perception such as, believe, feel, taste, smell, desire, hate, recognize, hear, hope, know, like, love, see, understand, want, wish, wonder, belong, consist, contain, matter, possess, resemble etc.

We do not say : **I am loving you

**He is desiring to go.

We say :

** I love you

**He desires to go.

3.Present Perfect tense is used to express :

(1) An action just finished:

** I have done my duty.

**He has written a letter.

(11) A past action the result of which is still going on:

**He has finished his work.

(111) An action begun in the past but not yet completed

** He has served in the school for ten years (He is still serving).

(1v) A future perfect action when preceded by when, before, after, as soon as, ẹ. t. c

** I shall return when I have finished the work.

Note : Present Perfect Tense form of some verbs like go, come, set, rise etc. is sometimes formed with the verb’be’.

**He is gone.

**The sun is set.

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense :

It indicates that the action has been going on for a period and is not finished yet.

**I have been reading in this school for five years.

**It has been raining since morning.

Exercise :

Fill in the following gaps with the right form of verbs:

i) A good boy – – school regularly. (attend) .

ii) The man is – – – in the garden. (work)

iii) It often – – heavily in Lagos . (rain)

iv) Linda – – – a beautiful picture. (draw)

v) Handsome – – – what handsome does. (be )

vi) Nigeria is gradually – – (develop)

vii) We – – in this school for four years. (teach)

viii) He – – ill for three days. (be)

ix) Our school – – tomorrow. (reopen)

(x) The man – – working hard. (be)

Fill in the gaps with the verbs given in the box. Use the right form of present tenses

give	form
succeed	to be
work	need
conquer	advance
with	try

give

form

to be

live

conquer

advance

succeed

try

work

need

Man [–] a social being. He lives in society because society [–] him security. But it is man who [–] society. Man cannot live alone. He [–] the help of others to survive. So man [–] together in co-operation with one another from time immemorial. He has been [–] hard to bring about changes in society. He [–] developing society and the condition of his life by dint of his own efforts.He[–] many forces of nature. He is [–] hard to earn complete mastery over nature he [–] step by step.

No Fields Found.

25th May, 2020.

SUBJECT :ENGLISH LANGUAGE

TOPIC :MORE ABOUT THE USE OF CAPITAL LETTERS.

Hello dear students! 😊🙋✍️✍️I hope you are making good use of this lock down period. It’s nice meeting with you here today.

Last week we learnt about capitalization and the various ways in which it can be used. (In case you didn’t get to study that lesson, you can check for it below after the lesson on Word Class and their uses. Thank you! )
Today you will be learning more about the examples of instances where capital letters are needed. This is to stress the importance of proper usage of capital letters when writing either sentences or compositions in English Language as its misuse will indicate grammatical blunder. Examples and various instances which require the use of capital letters :
Capital letters are used with particular types of nouns, in certain positions in sentences, and with some adjectives. You must always use capital letters for:

(1) The beginning of a sentence
Examples
(a)Dogs are noisy.
(b) Children are noisy too.
(2) The first person personal pronoun, l.
Examples
** Yesterday, I went to the park.
**He isn’t like I am.
(3) Names and titles of people

Examples:

*Abraham Lincoln
**Ben Carson
**the Queen of England
**the President of Nigeria
**Doctor Adebayo
**Professor Kolawole
(4)Titles of works, books, movies
Examples
**Things Fall Apart
**The Merchant of Venice
**Precious Little Darling
**Spider Man II
(5) Months of the year
Examples
**January
**July
**February
**August
(6) Days of the week
Examples
**Monday
**Friday
**Tuesday
**Saturday
(7) Seasons
Examples
** Spring
** Summer
** Autumn
** Winter
(8) Holidays
Examples
**Christmas
**Easter
**New Year’s Day
** Eid”l Fitri
(8) Names of continents and countries
Examples
** Africa
*Europe
*England
*Nigeria
(10) Names of regions, states, districts
Examples
**Western Region
**California
**Anambra
** Lagos
(11) Names of cities, towns, villages
Examples
** London
** Cape Town
** Oyo
**Gbongan
(12) Names of rivers, oceans, seas, lakes
Examples
** the Atlantic
** the Pacific
** Lake Chad
** the River Niger
** the Thames
(13) Names of geographical formations
Examples
**the Himalayas
**the Alps
**the Sahara
(14) Adjectives relating to nationality
Examples
**French music
**Australian animals
**African literature
** English writing
(15) Collective nouns for nationalities
Examples
** the French
**the Germans
** the Americans
** the Arabians
(16) Language names
Examples
** I speak Chinese.
**He understands English.
(17) Names of streets, buildings, parks
Examples
**Park Lane
** Afe Babalola Plaza
** Trans Amusement Park
**the National Ecumenical Centre
** Ondo Street

Assessment

**Note: Please ignore the numbering 1 – 22 at the far left. The correct one is 1 – 10. Thank you.

Choose the appropriate sentence from the following :

(1) my birthday is next Friday.
*My birthday is next friday .
*My birthday is next Friday.
*My Birthday is next Friday.
(2) he loves italian food.
*He loves italian food.
*He loves Italian food.
*He loves Italian Food.
(3) independence day is celebrated on july 4
*Independence day is celebrated on july 4 *Independence day is celebrated on July 4 *Independence Day is celebrated on July 4 .
(4) gerry speaks english, french and spanish.
*Gerry speaks english, french and spanish.
*Gerry speaks English, French and Spanish.
(5) the highest mountain is mount everest.
*The highest mountain is mount Everest.
* The highest mountain is Mount Everest.
(6) his favourite season is summer.
* His favourite season is summer.
*His favourite season is Summer.
(7) she lives in london and i live in paris.
*She lives in london and I live in paris.
*She lives in London and i live in Paris.
* She lives in London and I live in Paris.
(8) do they like shakespearean sonnets?
* Do they like shakespearean sonnets?
*Do they like Shakespearean sonnets?
* Do they like Shakespearean Sonnets?
(9) the nobel prize in literature was first awarded in 1901.
*The Nobel prize in literature was first awarded in 1901.
* The Nobel Prize in literature was first awarded in 1901.
* The Nobel Prize in Literature was first awarded in 1901.
(10)we spent our holidays in calabar and stayed at the obudu cattle ranch.
*We spent our holidays in Calabar and stayed at the obudu Cattle ranch .
*We spent our holidays in Calabar and stayed at the Obudu Cattle Ranch.
*We spent our holidays in calabar and stayed at the Obudu cattle Ranch .

No Fields Found.

Hello boys and girls.

Hope you are all social-distancing.

Please, keep safe. The Lord will keep us all and we shall all meet in peace in Jesus name. AMEN.

Now,lets treat a topic.

WORD CLASSES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS.

We speak and write the English Language. We, therefore, use as many words as possible or parts of speech, based on the functions they perform. Basically, there are eight (8) parts of speech: noun, pronoun, verb, adverb, adjective, preposition, conjunction and interjection.

These eight parts of speech are divided into two classes of items;

Open-Class Items.
Close-Class Items.

The open-class items are ; noun, adjective, verb, and adverb. They are so grouped because the list of each class are inexhaustible.

The closed-class items are; pronoun, prepositions, conjunction and interjection. They are so grouped because the list is exhaustible. e.g, we can have a comprehensive list of the of the preposiyions, pronouns, conjunctions and interjections in English Language but we cannot have a conclusive list of all the noun in the English Language.

ADVERB.

An adverb is a word that modifies a verb . an adjective or other adverbs. Most adverbs end with -LY, such as ; surely, slowly, simply,and so on. However, there are some other adverbs that do not end with -LY. Some of them are are often, too, very, here, there, now, and so on.

Examples of adverbs that modify verbs are;

1 Ade walks slowly …….slowly is the adverb.

Examples of adverbs that modify the adjective.

1 The lazy student is too slow…… too is the adverb.

Examples of adverbs that modify another adverb.

Twins prays too often.

FUNCTIONS OF ADVERBS.

It tells of action e.g I saw Olu yesterday.
It tells the place of an action.It tells direction or arrangement. It answers the question WHERE? e.g He had gone home.
It shows or tells the manner of action. It answers the question….HOW? e.g.John speaks slowly.
It shows the degree or extent or amount of action.e.g. The teacher is very knowledgeable.
It tells members of frequency. e.g. They come here twice.
It shows occasions e.g. The boss was corrupt and consequently he was dismissed.
It asks question of time, place, degree, number, manner, cause.e.g. Which way is Lagos.
It joins clauses, hence introduces surbodinate clauses. e.g. I cashed the cheque when the manager came.

CLASS WORK.

Underline the adverbs in the following sentences.

Many people are rich yet they are not happy.
Why did you shut him out?
How long will you be away?
They come here sometimes.
They are very nice.
Akin is studying hard for the examinations.
My wife eats very slowly.
My friend visits always.
Yemi is extremely fast.
It is too bad.

THANKS AND GOD BLESS YOU

No Fields Found.

15/05/2020

SUBJECT : ENGLISH LANGUAGE
ASPECT : GRAMMAR

TOPIC : THE USE OF CAPITAL LETTERS /CAPITALIZATION.
Hello students!

I am sure you are coping well with the lock down. Make sure you stay safe!

Today, we would be learning more about the use of capital letters .

Let’s go...
Some people may tell you that there are far more than just TEN RULES of capitalization in English Language and with everything that you have to remember, that may be true.
Others may say that there are only THREE RULES and they are also correct. The truth is that, depending on how you organize the rules, the rules of capitalization may be many or few.

Most of the things we capitalize in English Language are what we call PROPER NOUNS. They are the names of specific, unique things.

If you are talking about one specific mountain (Mt. Kilimanjaro), state (Kwara) or street (Osuntokun Avenue .), you need to use a capital letter for every first letter in the name.
However, when you are talking about a common thing, of which there are many – like a mountain, a state or a street – don’t use a capital letter for those words.
CAPITALS are not used for articles (a, an, the) or prepositions (of, on, for, in, to, with, etc.)
Now… The Key Rules include :

1) . Names or titles of people

This one may seem obvious, but there’s also a catch. Of course, you capitalize the first letters of a person’s first, middle and last names (e. g John, Janet, Adams), but you also capitalize suffixes like (Jr., the Great, Princess of Persia, etc.) and titles

Titles can be as simple as Mr., Mrs. or Dr., but they also apply to situations wherein you address a person by his or her position as though it is their first name.
For example, when we talk about Governor Seyi Makinde, we are using his role as though it were a part of his name. We don’t always capitalize the word *governor *. Indeed, we could say,
“During the Covid-19 Pandemic, Governor Seyi Makinde was the governor of Oyo State.”

Another way to look at capitalizing job titles, is to look at the position of the job title in the sentence in reference to the person’s name.

You should capitalize the title when it comes immediately before or after someone’s name.
You don’t have to capitalize the job title if it comes after the word “the.”
For example:
1) “Dr. Ọlá-Davis was the Cardiac Surgeon.”
11) “The cardiac surgeon allowed me to come into the room and observe the patient.”

Names of mountains, mountain ranges, hills and volcanoes

Here again, we’re talking about specific places.
a) The word ‘hill’ is not a proper noun, but “Mapo Hill’ is, because it’s the name of one specific/particular hill.
b) The word” market ” is also not a proper noun, while” Bodija Market ‘is.
Use a capital letter to begin each word in the name of a mountain (Mt. Everest ), mountain range (the Appalachians), hill (San Juan Hill) or volcano (Mt. Vesuvius).

Names of bodies of water (rivers, lakes, oceans, seas, streams and creeks)

From here, it gets pretty easy…The same rules that apply to mountain names also apply to water names. A river is just a river, but the Mississippi River is a proper noun and must be capitalized, just like Lake Chad, the Indian Ocean and the Dead Sea.

Names of buildings, monuments, bridges and tunnels

Man-made structures also often have names. The White House, the Aso Rock, the Eiffel Tower, the Statue of Liberty, the Third Mainland Bridge and the Eagle Square are a few good examples.

Street names

Capitalize both the actual name part of the name (Awolowo ) and the road part of the name (Avenue ); both are necessary for forming the entire name of the street ( Awolowo Avenue ).

Schools, colleges and universities

All of the words in the name of the educational institution should be capitalized. For example, Harvard University, All Souls High School, Bodija International School.

Political divisions (continents, regions, countries, states, counties, cities and towns)

As is the case with regions of a country, the divisions may not always be political, but you get the idea. When you refer to New England or Nigeria’s geopolitical zones, the Midwest, the South West, the North Central, etc, as a region, (as opposed to a compass direction), you capitalize it.
Also, continents (South America), countries (Belgium), states (Lagos), cities( Ibadan ) and towns (Osogbo) get capitalized.

Titles of books, movies, magazines, newspapers, articles, songs, plays and works of art

This one is a little tricky 😊, but don’t worry, you will get it…

1) When ‘and,’ articles or prepositions are involved. If ‘the’ is the first word in the given name of a work, it must be capitalized (The Nigerian Tribune , The Punch Newspaper).
11) If ‘a’ or ‘an’ is the first word, it too is capitalized (A Few Good Men), and if a preposition leads the way, you guessed it: Capitalized! 😀(Of Mice and Men). However, if any of these words come in the middle of the title, it is not capitalized.🤔

The first letter in a sentence

The last two rules are easy. 😉
Always capitalize the first letter of a sentence. If the sentence is a quotation within a larger sentence, capitalize it, but only if it’s a complete sentence. If it’s merely a phrase that fits neatly into the larger sentence, it does not require capitalization. Study the following two examples for clarification:

The waiter said, “My manager will be here shortly,” but he never came.
The waiter told us that his manager would “be here shortly,” but he never came.

The pronoun I

It is only necessary to capitalize other pronouns when they begin a sentence, but ‘I’ is always capitalize wherever it app in a sentence, whether at the beginning, the middle or the end of a sentence.

Remembering the Rules
How can you possibly remember all these rules? 🤔🤔 Well, first of all, you should ask yourself three questions:
a) Is this the first letter in a sentence? If your answer is yes, then, capitalize.
b) Is this the pronoun I? If yes, capitalize.
c) Am I using a name that someone gave to this thing or person? If yes, capitalize.
And if you want to remember all the specific categories, try memorizing one of the following sentences:
👀👀👀✍️✍️
“For Bob Barker, the price is sometimes wrong,” mom says.
Susan James bought my wife fancy toilet paper in Abuja.
The first letter of each word stands for a category:
Now let’s have fun with this 😜

F – First letter in a sentence
B – Buildings (and other man- made structures)
B – Borders (of regions, states, countries, etc.)
T -Titles
P – People
I – I
S – Schools
W – Water
M – Mountains
S – Streets
And there you have it! . Whether you think of English Language as having ten rules of capitalization, thirty, or just three, You should now be able to remember them all.
Exercise
1) Write down ten names each of places, titles of people as proper nouns.
God bless you as you stay safe!

No Fields Found.

25th May, 2020.

SUBJECT :ENGLISH LANGUAGE

TOPIC : MORE ABOUT THE USE OF CAPITAL LETTERS.

Hello dear students!

Last week we learnt about capitalization and the various ways in which it can be used
Today you will be learning more about the examples of instances where capital letters are needed. This is to stress the importance of proper usage of capital letters when writing either sentences or compositions in English Language as its misuse will indicate grammatical blunder. Examples and various instances which require the use of capital letters include:
Capital letters are used with particular types of nouns, in certain positions in sentences, and with some adjectives. You must always use capital letters for:

Examples :

Assessment .

Choose the appropriate sentence in the following :

(1) my birthday is next Friday.
*My birthday is next friday .
*My birthday is next Friday.
*My Birthday is next Friday.
(2) he loves italian food.
*He loves italian food.
*He loves Italian food.
*He loves Italian Food.
(3) independence day is celebrated on july 4
*Independence day is celebrated on july 4 *Independence day is celebrated on July 4 *Independence Day is celebrated on July 4 .
(4) gerry speaks english, french and spanish.
*Gerry speaks english, french and spanish.
*Gerry speaks English, French and Spanish.
(5) the highest mountain is mount everest.
*The highest mountain is mount Everest.
* The highest mountain is Mount Everest.
(6) his favourite season is summer.
* His favourite season is summer.
*His favourite season is Summer.
(7) she lives in london and i live in paris.
*She lives in london and I live in paris.
*She lives in London and i live in Paris.
* She lives in London and I live in Paris.
(8) do they like shakespearean sonnets?
* Do they like shakespearean sonnets?
*Do they like Shakespearean sonnets?
* Do they like Shakespearean Sonnets?
(9) the nobel prize in literature was first awarded in 1901.
*The Nobel prize in literature was first awarded in 1901.
* The Nobel Prize in literature was first awarded in 1901.
* The Nobel Prize in Literature was first awarded in 1901.
(10)we spent our holidays in calabar and stayed at the obudu cattle ranch.
*We spent our holidays in Calabar and stayed at the obudu Cattle ranch .
*We spent our holidays in Calabar and stayed at the Obudu Cattle Ranch.
*We spent our holidays in calabar and stayed at the Obudu cattle Ranch .

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