JSS 3 PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION

LESSON: 6

DATE DELIVERED: 29-6-2020.

TOPIC: BOXING.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

  1. Define Boxing.
  2. Mention the boxing style.
  3. List the equipment needed in boxing.
  4. Highlight the types of punches.

DEFINE BOXING:

Boxing is a combat sport in which two people, usually wearing protective gloves, throw punches at each other for a predetermined amount of time in a boxing ring. Amateur boxing is both an Olympic and Commonwealth Games sport and is a standard fixture in most international games—it also has its own World Championships.

Victory is recorded or achieved if the opponent is knocked down and unable to get up before the referee count one to ten second is called knockdown. if the opponent is considered to be too injured to continue the bout, this is called technical knock out. if there is no stoppage of the fight before an agreed number of rounds, a winner is determined either by the referee’s decision or the judges score card.

Boxing first appeared in the Olympic games of 1904, International Olympic boxing federation was formed in Paris (France) in 1920 with five only five member nation.

In 1945, International Amateur boxing Association was formed in London with twenty four nations. the first world Amateur boxing championship were stage in 1974.

BOXING STYLE:

  1. Out- Fighter: a boxier maintains distance fight between himself and his opponent.
  2. Puncher: a boxer fight at close range with an opponent.
  3. In- Fighter: a boxing stays close to an opponent.

EQUIPMENT:

  1. Protective headgear
  2. Boxing gloves
  3. Mouth gear
  4. Free weight
  5. Jump rope
  6. Rowing mats
  7. Hand or waist wraps
  8. Punching bag or heaving bag
  9. Medicine ball

TYPES OF PUNCHES:

There are four basic punches of boxing:

  1. Jab.
  2. Cross.
  3. Hook.
  4. Uppcut.

Jab – A quick, straight punch thrown with the lead hand from the guard position.

Cross – A powerful, straight punch thrown with the rear hand. From the guard position, the rear hand is thrown from the chin, crossing the body and traveling towards the target in a straight line.

Hook – A semi-circular punch is thrown with the lead hand to the side of the opponent’s head.

Uppercut – A vertical, rising punch thrown with the rear hand.

DEFENSE:

  1. Slipping
  2. Bobbing and weaving
  3. Clinching
  4. Blocking (with the arm)
  5. Cover-up (with the glove).
  6. Footwork
  7. Quard: a. Low guard b. Mixed guard

ASSIGNMENT:

What is CUTMAN in boxing?

LESSON: 5

DATE DELIVERED: 25-6-2020.

TOPIC: HURDLES.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

  1. Define Hurdle.
  2. Mention the types of Hurdle.
  3. List the equipment needed in hurdle.

DEFINITION:

Hurdling is the act of running and jumping over an obstacle at speed. In the early 19th century, hurdlers ran at and jumped over each hurdle, landing on both feet and checking their forward motion.

Hurdles in athletics:

  • Run with the controlled speed at the hurdle.
  • As you approach the hurdle, drive up your rear leg up and forwards.
  • At the same time, raise your front knee up and extend the leg parallel to the floor.
  • As you pass over the hurdle, thrust your front leg over the barrier.

TYPES OF HURDLE:

The various hurdles races require participants to attempt to clear the horizontal barriers in the quickest time possible.

  1. 100 metre.
  2. 110 metre.
  3. 200 metre
  4. 400-metre.

EQUIPMENT:

  1. Blazer foam hurdle guard
  2. Blazer hurdle sweep
  3. Gill athletics hurdle stride checker
  4. Spike shoe

BASIC SKILLS:

Stage one

  • Run with the controlled speed at the hurdle.
  • As you approach the hurdle, drive up your rear leg up and forwards.
  • At the same time, raise your front knee up and extend the leg parallel to the floor.
  • As you pass over the hurdle, thrust your front leg over the barrier.
  • At the same time, pull your rear leg up at the knee and turn the foot outward.

Stage two

  • As you clear over the hurdle bring your back foot into your bottom and swing the leg round and forwards.
  • Drive your front leg downwards towards the track and on impact, swing your opposite arm backward to pull the trail leg forwards.
  • Sprint away from the hurdle.

RULES IN HURDLE:

In all levels of hurdle race competitions,

1. Hurdlers are required to clear each of the hurdles.

2. A hurdler who circumvents a hurdle or avoids jumping a hurdle is automatically disqualified.

3. Runners who trail a leg or foot below the horizontal plane of the hurdle’s top at the moment of clearance also are similarly disqualified.

4. The rules also require hurdlers to stay in their own lane throughout the race.

ASSIGNMENT:

What are hurdles made of?

LESSON: 4

DATE DELIVERED: 22-6-2020.

TOPIC: Sports Violence.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

  1. Define sports violence.
  2. Mention the types of theories for sports violence and their causes.
  3. Ways of eradicating sports violence.

DEFINITION:

Sports violence refers to behavior which causes harm and occurs outside the rules of the sport. Sports violence usually occurs in contact sports such as American football, ice hockey, rugby football, soccer, boxing, mixed martial arts, wrestling, and water polo. Physical assault is intended to cause physical pain or injury to another player (or fan, coach, game official etc), where such harmful actions bear no direct relationship to the rules and associated competitive goals of the sport.

Theories For Violence in Sports:

Basically, there are three theories that have been proposed to explain violence in sports. These theories are the biological theory, the psychological theory, and the social learning theory.

  1. The biological theory suggests that violence results from the innate being of a person.
  2. The psychological theory asserts that violence results from frustration caused by the lack of achievement of certain goals.
  3. Social learning theory states that violence results from imitation. The Social learning theory, on the other hand, suggests that violent behavior results from learning. According to the theory, persons learn new behaviors through modeling and also through modeling by the use of punishments and rewards.

CAUSES OF SPORTS VIOLENCE:

  1. Overcrowding of the spectators at the stadium.
  2. Bad officiating of the sports and games.
  3. Poor sitting arrangement.
  4. Inadequate knowledge of the rules and regulations of the game by the officials.
  5. Lack of information during competition.
  6. General administrative problem eg poor funding.
  7. Allowing spectators to enter into the stadium with dangerous weapon.

Ways of Eradicating Sports Violence:

  1. Avoid overcrowding of spectators into the stadium.
  2. Provide security personnel.
  3. Ensure good officiating of the game.
  4. Officials must have good knowledge of the rules of the game.
  5. The player or athlete should display the spirit of sportsmanship.
  6. The player or athlete should obey the officials.
  7. There should be the demarcation of supporters of opposing teams.

ASSIGNMENT:

  1. Define the following:

a. Sport.

b. Violence.

c. Sports violence.

LESSON: 3

DATE DELIVERED: 10-6-2020.

TOPIC: Sports injuries.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

  1. Define sports injuries.
  2. Mention the types of sports injuries and their causes.

SPORT INJURIES:

Sports Injuries as injuries that occurs while participating in sporting activities.

 Type of Sport Injuries:

  • Sprain
  • Strain
  • Wound
  • Dislocation
  • Fracture

Sprain: Sprain is injury to the ligaments or tissues that are connected to a joint.

Causes:

A sprain: is caused by over stretching or putting much force on the ligaments or tissues at the joints.

First aid treatment of sprain:

  • If the sprain is around the ankle joint, do not remove the shoe immediately.
  • Immobilize or rest and support the joint in a comfortable position.
  • Apply ice wrapped in thin cloth at the affected part.
  • Bandage affected joint.
  • carefully expose the joint after some time or when due.

Strain: is an injury to the muscles resulting in internal bleeding accompanied by sharp pain and swelling.

Causes:

A strain occurs when the muscle is overstretched causing fibers to tear, which is sometimes as a result of violent contraction, overuse, or when there is a lack of flexibility.

First aid treatment of strain:

  • Immobilize or rest the affected part.
  • Later apply a hot compress.[if needed]
  • Bandage the affected part.
  • Seek more medical attention.
  • Ice cold compress or bath should be applied on the affected area.

 Wound: are tears or cuts to the skin or body which causes bleeding.

Cause:

A wound can be as a result of falls, sharp objects to the skin e.g. missiles such as discus, javelin, etc.

Types of wound:

  1. Lacerated wound.
  2. Incised wound.
  3. punctured wound.

Dislocation: Is the displacement of one or more bones from its usual fitting in a joint.

Causes:

Dislocation can be caused by severe twist or sprain or from the severe impact of hitting or fall.

First aid treatment of dislocation:

  • Treat shock immediately if necessary.
  • Immobilize or restrict movement at the affected part.
  • Transport victim carefully, because any slight movement can cause more damage.
  • Move the victim to the hospital for proper treatment.

Fracture: This is a break or injury in the bone. Bones that are commonly affected by fracture are the humerus, ulna, radius of the hand, the femur, tibia, and fibula of the leg.

Types of fracture:

  1. Greenstick Greenstick fracture is common among children. The bone is bent and partially broken.
  2. Simple fracture Is when there is a break in the bone without any wound to the external surface or body tissues.
  3. Compound fracture is when a break in the bone causes damage or pierces the flesh or body tissues.
  4. Comminuted fracture Is when the bone is shattered and broken into pieces.

Causes:

A fracture can be as a result of a sharp blow or an awkward fall resulting from rough play, body contact during games, road accidents, an accident from machines at work, etc.

First aid treatment for fracture:

The treatment for fracture depend on the types of fracture sustained.

  • Identify the type of fracture.
  • Restrict the fracture body part.
  • Move only when it is absolutely necessary and this must be done with care.
  • Control bleeding is there is any.
  • Clean wound with disinfectant if there is an opening in the skin.
  • Do not bandage across, exposes broken bones or open wound surface.
  • The victim should be kept warm and treated for a shock if necessary.
  • Reassure the victims to help him/her stay calm.

ASSIGNMENT :

Mention 10 types of wound.

LESSON 2:

DATE DELIVERED :10-6-2020.

TOPIC : Contact and Non-Contact Sports

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

1. Defines contact and non-contact sports

2. Differentiate between contact and non-contact sports.

3. List examples of contact and non-contact sports

Defines contact and non-contact sports:

Contact Sports: These are generally those sports involving a contest between two or more person which may involve fighting, as in martial art or no fighting as in tug-of-war.

Non-Contact Sports: These are sports in which players are physically separated and are nearly impossible for them to make physical contact with one another during the course of a game.

Examples of contact sports as thus:

  1. Wrestling
  2. Judo
  3. Boxing
  4. Taekwondo
  5. Fencing
  6. Karate
  7. Kung du
  8. Kickboxing
  9. Gladiator combat

 Examples of non-contact sports as thus:

  1. Gymnastics
  2. Swimming
  3. Squash racket
  4. Table tennis
  5. Tennis
  6. Track and field events
  7. Golf

 Mentions the benefits of contact and non-contact sports as follows:

  1. For entertaining spectators
  2. To build strength and power
  3. To develop mental alertness.
  4. To build confidence
  5. To develop overall physical fitness
  6. To generate income for the practitioners.
  7. To improve self-defense ability
  8. To train the mind and improve courage

Non-Contact Sports:

  1. To develop strong and healthy bodies which include qualities like strength, flexibility, agility, endurance, power, and speed.
  2. To assist people to develop a positive attitude towards getting involved in the exercise.
  3. To develop skills and techniques.
  4. They are life time sports one can take part in throughout one’s lifetime.

ASSIGNMENT:

With the use of table state the differences between contact and non-contact sports.

DATE DELIVERED: 27 – 5- 2020

TOPIC: TRADITIONAL AND SOCIAL DANCE.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

  1. Define traditional and social dance.
  2. mention the musical instruments for traditional dance.
  3. Highlight the purpose of dance.
  4. State some importance of traditional dance.

TRADITIONAL DANCE:

Dance involves movement. All body movement are based on five fundamental movement i.e.

  1. Walking.
  2. Jumping.
  3. Leaping.
  4. Hopping.
  5. Other basic locomotor movement such as galloping, sliding, skipping, and gliding.

PURPOSE  FOR DANCE:

  1. People dance to appease the or influence the gods during religion festivals.
  2. All African people dance to stimulate the notable warrior into action and to arouse feeling of bravery in them.

TRADITIONAL DANCE:

Traditional dance is common among the rural dweller, examples of traditional dance are:

1. Bata dance  (Oyo)

2. Ekiti dance

3. Apepe dance  (Ijebu)

4. Eyo dance  (Lagos )

5. Atilogwu dance  (Igbo)

6. Langa dance  (Hausa) 

7. Sharo dance  (Fulani)

IMPORTANCE OF TRADITIONAL DANCE.

  1. It is used entertaining and enjoyment of oneself.
  2. It serves as a means of cultural identity for nation.
  3. Traditional dance are used for expression of joy at the beginning of the a season especially during harvest season.
  4. It is used during performance of sacrifice by the traditional chief warrior.

PICTURES OF SOME NOTABLE TRADITIONAL DANCERS IN NIGERIA:

ASSIGNMENT:

Mention TEN musical instruments for traditional dance.