SS 1 GEOGRAPHY

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                        POPULATION OF NIGERIA

                

10/09/2020                  CORRECTION TO ASSIGNMENT

Disadvantages of high population density

  1. Unemployment/underemployment: areas of high population densities usually do not have enough jobs for the ever-increasing influx of people.
  2. Pressure on natural resources: some natural resources such as (fertile) land becomes over-exploited due to high population
  3. Increase in crime wave: areas of high population densities are usually associated with high crime rate like car snatching, assassinations etc due to lack of jobs in such areas.
  4. Environmental pollution: there is occurrence of environmental pollution due to pressure on natural and social facilities.
  5. Development of slums and ghettos: high population concentration leads to the development of slums and ghettos which are associated with poor or inferior standard of living.  

REASONS FOR LOW POPULATION DENSITIES (i.e. below 96 persons/km2)

  1. Relief: the presence of rugged relief in some areas can lead to low population of that area
  2. Unfavorable climate:  high temperature and low rainfall especially in Borno and Yobe states encourage low population concentration
  3. Poor soils: areas with poor soils e.g. Borno and Yobe does not favour serious farming activities and this leads to low population of such areas
  4. Historical factor: the trans-Saharan slave trade aided the depopulation of the middle belt
  5. Low economic activities: lack of basic amenities, low commercial and industrial activities  encourage low population in the middle belts

ADVANTAGES OF LOW POPULATION DENSITIES IN THESE AREAS

  1. Abundant resources: there will be enough resources in areas endowed with natural resources as there won’t be any pressure on them due to low population
  2. Low crime rate: the rate of crimes like  armed robbery, car snatching is greatly reduced
  3. High per capita income: this is possible because of few labour for industries
  4. High standard of living: goods and agricultural products are cheap and easily available due to low population
  5. Low pressure on social amenities: owing to low population, there is also low pressure on social amenities in the area.

ASSIGNMENT

  1. List some areas of moderate population densities in Nigeria
  2. List some areas of low population densities in Nigeria

\CORRECTION TO ASSIGNMENT

  1. Total Population = 140,003,542

Total Land Area = 923,768km2

Population Density = Total Population / Land Area

= 140,003,542 / 923,768

= 152 persons km2

  • Total Population = 95,690,000

Land Area = 924,000 km2

Population Density = 95,690,000 / 924,000

= 104 persons km2

REASONS FOR HIGH POPULATION DENSITY

  1. Migration: the movement of people from one civil division to another can cause increase in population density especially Rural-Urban migration.
  2. Employment opportunities : the availability of jobs in towns and cities  also cause increase in their population
  3. Presence of industries : the presence of industries in Lagos, Ibadan, Kano etc provides jobs for people
  4. Presence of minerals : the presence of minerals also contributes to high population densities of these towns e.g., crude oil in Oloibiri, coal in Enugu and tin in Jos
  5. Favorable climate : Areas like Enugu, Ebonyi, Ibadan etc, have adequate rainfall which ensures the production of food, especially in the west and east and is also favourable for human habitation

ADVANTAGES OF HIGH POPULATION DENSITIES IN HIGH POPULATED AREAS

  1. There will be availability of large labour for the industries
  2. Availability of large market for the goods produced by industries
  3. Easy and quick dissemination of information
  4. Defence : availability of large and organized army

ASSIGNMENT

List and explain 5 disadvantages of high population densities in highly populated areas

Population is defined as the number of people living in an area at a particular time.

Nigeria is the most populous country in tropical Africa. Currently according to world meter the population of Nigeria is 202,858,331, but according to 2006 population census the population of Nigeria was 130,003,542.

POPULATION CONCEPTS

  1. Over-population : this is defined as a situation whereby the population is considered too large for the available resources for people to enjoy the highest possible standard of living
  2. Under-population: this is the type of population that is less than the available resources of a country. In such case, when the population of such country is combined with the available resources and the given level of existing technology, it will secure a minimum returns per head
  3. Optimum population : this is the number of people that can be supported by the available resources in an area, so as to achieve the highest possible standard of living
  4. Population density: this is defined as the number of persons per unit area of land or per square kilometer of land. The population density of a country can be expressed mathematically as
  5. Population density = total population / land area
  6. Total population = population density × total land area
  7. Land area = total population / population density

EXERCISE

  1. Calculate the population density of Nigeria, having a total population of 140,003,542 with a total land area of 923,7682 km.
  2. If the total population of Nigeria in 1995 was estimated to be 95,690,000 and her land area was 924,000 km, calculate the population density.

DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION IN NIGERIA

The population of Nigeria is not evenly distributed. There are areas of high, moderate and low population densities.

Areas of High Population Densities (i.e. above 96 persons/km2)

  1. The Yoruba land of the south-west which includes Lagos, Ibadan, Akure and Abeokuta
  2. The Hausa land in the north-central which includes Kano, Kaduna, Jos, Sokoto
  3. The Igbo land in the south-east which includes Enugu, Onitsha, Owerri, Aba and Ebonyi

20/08/2020         ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS ON WEATHER AND CLIMATE

  1. Define the term weather and climate
  2. Name the instruments you would use to measure the following elements of weather : Atmospheric pressure,wind speed,total amount of rainfall in a given place,relative humidity
  3. With the aid of well illustrated diagrams, describe and explain each of the following : Convectional rainfall, Orographic rainfall ,Frontal rainfall
  4. What do you understand by land and sea breezes
  5. What are local winds
  6. With the aid of annotated diagrams, describe and explain : Hurricane, Fohn winds, Harmattan

ASSIGNMENT

Read and study Lakes     

TOPIC: CLIMATE I

CLIMATIC ELEMENTS

06/08/2020                         CORRECTION TO ASSIGNMENT

Land and sea breeze

Sea breeze: this breeze blows from the sea to the land. The land is heated much faster during the day than the sea and it is cooler than the sea at night. As the land is heated during the day, it causes the air to rise, thereby creating low pressure. Therefore air blows from the sea to replace the heated and rising air on the land. This results in lower temperature and relatively cool air on the land

Land breeze: this breeze blows from the land to the sea. At night, the land becomes cooler than the sea, having lost much of its temperature at a much faster rate than the sea. Therefore, there is a high pressure situation on the land and a relatively low pressure on the sea, hence, land breeze blows from the land to sea.

An illustration of land and sea breezes.

DISTRIBUTON OF PLANETARY WINDS

Wind movement is based on the fact that wind blows from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.

  1. The North-East trade and South-East trade winds blow from the sub-tropical high pressure belts to the Equatorial low pressure belts
  2. Converging on the temperate low pressure belts are the south westerlies from the horse latitudes of the north to the temperate low in the north
  3. There is also the meeting with the polar easterlies which originates from the polar high
  4. Similar pattern also occurs in the southern hemisphere where the south-east trade winds and the polar easterlies also meet.

29/07/2020                 CLIMATIC ELEMENTS

Types of local wind (continued)

Hurricanes

  1. They are found  in the west Indian islands and the Caribbean
  2. They have calm and rainless centers where the pressure is lowest
  3. They have great speed of about 120km/hr.
  4. Dense dark clouds gather and violent stormy weather lasts for several hours. Hurricanes are destructive to life and property.

Tornadoes

  1. They are found in Guinea lands of west Africa and the southern U.S.A where they are called whirlwind and in N.W. Australia where they are called willy-willies
  2. They are small, but very violent tropical and subtropical cyclones with a speed of 800km/hr
  3. They are mostly frequent in spring but can also occur at almost anytime
  4. They have dark funnel cloud 80-400m in diameter and are very destructive

Cyclones

  1. They are also called depressions and occurs in temperate latitudes
  2. They vary from 240-3200km in diameter with lowest pressure at the center and therefor blow inwards
  3. They are associated with dull sky, oppressive air and strong winds
  4. They are associated with precipitation either in form of rain, snow and or sheet

Anticyclones

  1. They are opposite of cyclones with high pressure in the center and blow outwards
  2. The pressure gradient is gentle and the winds are light
  3. They usually usher in fine weather
  4. The skies are clear, the air is calm and temperatures are high in summer, but cold in winter
  5. They may last for days or weeks and then fade out

Harmattan winds

  1. They are strong, dry, cold and dusty winds
  2. They occur mainly in west Africa
  3. The winds blow from the north east across the Sahara desert
  4. They create a hazy atmosphere which produces poor visibility
  5. They are active during the dry season and blow from November to March.

Assignment

Read and write a short note on land and sea breeze      

22/07/20                              CORRECTION TO ASSIGNMENT

If the temperature at the foot of a hill is 350C, what will be the temperature at its summit if the hill is 2500m high

SOLUTION

Lapse rate = 6.50C per 1000m of ascent

Therefore for 2500m ascent = 6.50C × 2500m ̸ 1000m

= 6.50C × 2.5 = 16.250C

= 160C

CLIMATIC ELEMENTS

3. WIND

Wind is defined as air in motion which has speed and direction. It ranges from simple, light and comfort breeze to chaotic and destructive hurricane.

FACTORS AFFECTING WIND

  1. Rotation of the earth: due to rotation of the earth, winds are deflected to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in southern hemisphere. And this is referred as Ferrel’s law of deflection.
  2. Temperature: high temperature creates low pressure in areas of high temperatures and low temperature creates high pressure in areas of low temperature.
  3. Pressure: due to differences in the rate of temperature in various areas which either creates high pressure belt or low pressure belt, therefore, winds tend to blow from high pressure belts to the low pressure belts.

TYPES OF LOCAL WINDS

  1. Fohn wind or Chinook wind: they are both dry winds and are associated with leeward side of mountains. Fohn wind is experienced in the valleys of Northern Alps in Switzerland in spring and Chinook wind is experienced on the eastern slopes of the rookies in U.S.A. and Canada in winter. Fohn wind increases the temperature of a place by 80C to 170C within an hour and this can melt snow and cause avalanches, Chinook wind is known to raise temperature by 190C within 15 minutes and favours crops and pasture growth.
  2. Sirocco: this a warm, dry and dusty wind associated with the Mediterranean regions of North Africa especially in summer. It originates from the Sahara desert and blows towards the Mediterranean regions. It becomes moist after crossing the Mediterranean Sea and cause little rain.
  3. Mistral: this is a cold wind from the north which blows from the Rhine valley towards the Mediterranean region. It is associated with the Mediterranean region of North Africa in winter. The speed ranges from 64 to 130 km/hr. Its temperature may be below freezing point.
  4. Typhoons: this type of wind occurs mainly in regions between 60 and 200 N and S of the equator and are frequent from July to October e.g.  in the tropics like China. They are small in diameter (80-300km), and they have speed of 160km/hr. they are associated with torrential rainfall accompanied by thunder and lightning and causes lots of damage to crops and properties.

ASSIGNMENT

Read and form short notes on hurricanes, tornadoes and cyclones

16/07/20

CORRECTION TO THE ASSIGNMENT : illustration of the types of rainfall

Orographic rainfall
convectional rainfall
cyclonic or frontal rainfall

ELEMENTS OF CLIMATE

2. Temperature

Temperature is an important element of climate. The sun is the sole source of energy on the earth’s surface. This energy which exists in form of heat and light is called solar radiation. The heat produced warm up the air in the atmosphere and force it to move up and down in different directions. The temperature of the atmosphere varies greatly on the earth’s surface. Temperature is highest at the ground level (earth’s surface) and decreases with increasing altitude.

The decrease in temperature with increase in altitude is known as the normal LAPSE RATE. Lapse rate is usually of about 6.50C for every 1000 meters ascent above sea level.

The instrument used for measuring temperature is thermometer. There are two types which are:

  1. Maximum thermometer : it records the highest temperature attained during the day
  2. Minimum thermometer: it records the lowest temperature reached during the day.

Calculation of lapse rate

Example: if the temperature at the foot of a mountain is 290C what will be the temperature at its summit (top) if the mountain is 4000m high

Solution

Lapse rate = 6.50C per 1000m of ascent

For 4000m ascent = 6.50C × 4000m / 1000m

= 6.50C × 4 = 260C

ASSIGNMENT

If the temperature at the foot of a hill is 350C, what will be the temperature at its summit if the hill is 2500m high

2. temper

                                                                                                                

NOTE: Please do not use Microsoft excel to answer questions (assignment), always do it in your notes then snap and upload using the link on top of the page. Also please make sure you put down these notes in your notebooks. Thank you.

09/07/20

EFFECTS OF CLIMATIC ELEMENTS

  1. RAINFALL

Rainfall is defined as the release of excess condensed water vapour in the atmosphere into the earth. Rainfall I a form of precipitation and other forms of precipitation include; snow, hail, dew, fog, frost, mist. On maps, lines joining places having the same average annual rainfall are called ISOYETS.

TYPES OF RAINFALL

  1. Convectional rainfall: this type of rain is common in the tropics and temperate regions in the summer. When the earth’s surface is heated by the sun, evaporation occurs and heated moisture-laden air rises in convectional currents upwards towards the atmosphere, cooling then takes place. When the current moves further, condensation occurs and the water molecules fall back to the earth as rain.

Characteristics: This type of rain is usually torrential or heavy and accompanied by lightning and thunderstorm.  The cloud associated with this type of rainfall is called CUMULONIMBUS

2. Orographic or relief rainfall: in this type of rainfall, moist air is forced to rise above a relief barrier e.g. mountain usually on the windward side. The rising expands and becomes cooer and relative humidity rises and the air becomes saturated. The risen saturated air condenses and cloud is formed with rainfall on the wind ward slope and descending air on the leeward side.

Characteristics: this type of rainfall is associated with mountainous regions with even distribution of rainfall over a highland. The windward side gets the rainfall while the leeward side gets little or no rainfall

3. Cyclonic or frontal rainfall: it is caused by the meeting of two air masses of different origin and characteristics. The warm, light, moisture-laden air rises above the cold and dense air. The ascension of the warm air over the cold air lowers the temperature of the warm air, cooling takes place and condensation occurs, followed by cloud formation and then rainfall.

Characteristics: frontal rainfall is characterized by fronts and weather system in mid-latitudes. The rainfall is the convectional type in cold front and it lasts longer than convectional rainfall. It covers extensive area and moves from the west to the east in the northern hemisphere and vice-versa in the southern hemisphere.

ASSIGNMENT Draw an illustration of the three types of rainfall.

CORRECTION TO LAST ASSIGNMENT

5 importance of weather

  1. Human settlement: Weather affects the rate at which human beings live in a place. Temperate areas are more habitable than desert areas because of differences in climate.
  2. Environmental hazards : Hazards like soil erosion, flood, drought etc are caused by differences in weather and climate of a place
  3. Soil formation: Soil is formed from parent rocks which have been broken by elements of weather and climate.
  4. Communication and transportation: The type of transportation used in an area is greatly influenced by weather and climate. Air-conditioned vehicles are popular in tropical climates while such vehicles are not popular in polar regions.
  5. Health: The health status of a particular area can be determined by the type of climate. The sub-tropical climate is said to favour the breeding of mosquitoes which causes malaria fever.

CLIMATE I

Climate is defined as the average weather conditions of a place over a long period of time (35 years).

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WEATHER AND CLIMATE

weatherClimate
Weather is the atmospheric condition of a place over a short period (days, weeks, hours, months)A climate is the average condition of a place over a long period of time. (35 years)
Weather changes very oftenClimate does not change very often
Weather cannot be generalizedClimate can be generalized
Weather describes the atmospheric condition of a small areaClimate describes the atmospheric condition of a large area.

Elements of climate includes: temperature, pressure, cloud cover, sunshine, rainfall, wind, humidity.

                                                                ATTRIBUTES OF CLIMATE

  1. Variability: the climatic condition of a place does not change regularly. It does not change frequently from day to day, rather the climate of a place remain the same for a very long period of time.
  2. Aerial extend: the climate of a place normally cover a long distance.
  3. Duration: the duration of the climate of a place usually last for a very long time

                                                        FACTORS AFFECTING CLIMATE

  1. Latitude: this refers to the location of a place on the earth’s surface in relation to the equator. Tropical latitude where  the sun’s altitude  is high always have hotter temperature than lower latitudes where the sun’s is generally lower
  2. Altitude: this refers to the height of a place above the sea-level. As one moves higher into the atmosphere, the temperature decreases by 6.50C for every 1000m of ascent. This is called the normal lapse rate
  3. Continentality or distance from the sea: the further the inland is from the sea, the less the rainfall. Lower temperature range exists along the coast than inland. Higher humidity also occurs along the coast than further inland generally. There is also thicker cloud cover along the coast than inland.
  4. Ocean currents: ocean current can affect the climate of adjacent coastland. Cold current lowers the temperature of adjacent coastlands. It helps in the formation of fogs along the adjacent coast land. It also results in the formation of coastal desert.
  5. Planetary winds and pressure belts
  6. Natural vegetation and soil.

MEASUREMENT OF PRESSURE

The instrument used for measuring atmospheric pressure is called Barometer. It is measured in unit of force called milibars.

A normal atmospheric pressure shows a reading of 760mm. 790mm is regarded as high pressure while 700mm is regarded as low pressure.

Description of mercury barometer

It consists of a beaker in which a glass tube is dipped and both contain mercury. There is another used for measuring pressure called barometer, a modified version of this barometer is used in Aeroplanes is called Altimeter.

MEASUREMENT OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY

The instrument used in measuring relative humidity is called hygrometer.

DESCRIPTION

The hygrometer consists of wet and dry bulb thermometers placed side by side in the Stevenson Screen. The dry bulb is an ordinary thermometer that measures the shade temperature. The wet bulb is kept by a wick that is dipped in a container of distilled water. When the air is saturated, evaporation, which produces a cooling effect, takes place from the moist wick. The wet bulb always shows a lower reading than the dry bulb. The difference in the two readings, if high, indicates low humidity and if low, indicates high humidity. If there is no difference in their readings, it means that the air is saturated and therefore, the relative humidity would be 100%.

E.g. dry bulb temperature = 300C

Wet bulb temperature = 280C

Depression in wet bulb = 30-28 = 20C

Therefore, the relative humidity = 90%

ATTRIBUTES OF WEATHER

  1. Variability : Weather is often described of the lower atmosphere of a place over a short period of time. The weather condition of a place changes regularly. It is capable of changing frequently on daily basis for example the weather of today could be sunny, rainy or clouding.
  2. Aerial extent : The weather of a place do cover a short distance. Weather occurs within a short distance before it changes situation.
  3. Duration : The weather of a place does not last for a very long time. The weather may experience heavy rain and it might start and stop within few minutes.

ASSIGNMENT

List and explain five importance of weather

CTION TO LAST ASSI

GNMENT

  1. Monthly range of temperature = there is no monthly range, because to calculate it, daily temperature reading is needed.
  2. Annual range = hottest month – coldest month

Hottest month = 480C

Coldest month = 100C

480C – 100C = 380C

  • Annual temperature = total temperature

40 + 30 + 21 + 25 + 10 + 40 + 48 + 30 + 25 + 30 + 20 + 15 = 3340C

  • Mean annual temperature = total temperature ÷ 12

334/12 = 27.830C

MEASUREMENT OF WIND

Wind has direction and speed. Wind vane is used to measure the direction f the wind and Anemometer is used to measure the speed of wind.

DESCRIPTION OF THE WIND VANE

The wind vane is divided into two parts, first is the arrow or vane at the top which is free to move with the prevailing wind and the second part is stationary and it consists of a frame and four compass points. The vane or arrow points to the direction from which the wind is blowing so that the wind is named from the direction it blows e.g. south west wind blows from south west direction. The wind vane is located in an exposed position so that tall buildings and trees do not deflect the wind direction.

DESCRIPTION OF THE WIND VANE

It consists of three or four semi-circular cups attached to the end of horizontal spokes mounted on a high vertical spindle. As the wind blows, the cups rotate. The higher the speed of the wind the greater the speed of the cups and vice versa.

MEASUREMENT OF WIND SPEED

  1. Anemometer is used to measure  the peed of wind
  2. The anemometer is placed in an open space
  3. The anemometer consists of four metal cups fixed to a metal arm
  4. The shaft is connected to a meter
  5. The cups rotate freely on a vertical shaft as he wind blows
  6. The number of rotation is indicated on a meter to give the speed of the wind in kilometre per hour

RECORDING THE SPEED OF WIND

  1. Reading is taken twice daily e.g. 9:00 am and 3:00 pm
  2. The reading is recorded in a book
  3. The recording must be dated
  4. The  record is then signed by the observer

ASSIGNMENT

Draw a wind vane and an anemometer

(draw in your note, snap and upload).

11/6/2020

correction to assignment

Stevenson’s screen is a wooden box raised above the ground to a height of about 4 feet or 1.2 m, in which thermometers are kept in order to get accurate records of temperature. Geographers only measure the temperature of the air, excluding the radiant heat of the sun and rain.

Measurement of temperature

Formulas

1. Mean daily temp. = Max. Temp. + Min. Temp. For that day / 2

2. Diurnal range of temp. = Max. Temp. – min. Temp. For that day

3. Monthly range of temp. = Difference between the hottest and the coldest daily temp. For the month

4. Annual range of temp. = Temp. Of the hottest month – temp. Of the coldest month

5. Annual temp. = Total temp. ( Jan- Dec)

6. Mean annual temp. = Total temp. / 12

( max = maximum, min= minimum, temp. = Temperature)

EXERCISE

Use the table in question 9 on page 114 of essential geography to answer the following questions.

1. Monthly range of temp.

2. Annual range of temp.

3. Annual temp.

4. Mean annual temp.

Measurement of temperature

The temperature of a place is taken by an instrument called thermometer. It works on the principle that mercury and alcohol expand when heated and contract when cooled. Temperature can be recorded in centigrade (0C) or Fahrenheit (0F). The freezing (lowest) point foe centigrade scale is 00C and 320F for Fahrenheit and the boiling (highest) point is 1000C and 2120F.

Conversion from one scale to another

To convert to centigrade = (0F – 32) /1.8

Example: convert 100 0 F to centigrade

Solution

(100 – 32) /1.8 = 68 / 1.8 = 37.780C

To convert to Fahrenheit = (1.8 × 0C) + 320F

Example: convert 520C to Fahrenheit

Solution

(1.8 × 52) +32 = 93.6 + 32 =125.60F

Exercise:

  1. Convert the following to centigrade a. 300F b. 320F
  2. Convert the following to Fahrenheit a. 00C b. 1150C

ASSIGNMENT

Explain how Geographers take weather readings from Stevenson’s screen.

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OPIC: WEATHER 21/05/2020

Hello, i hope you are staying safe. God will continue to keep us safe, amen.

Weather is defined as the condition of the lower atmosphere of a place over a short period. It is brief and changes regularly.

Weather elements includes: temperature, rainfall, wind, pressure, relative humidity, cloud cover and sunshine.

Keeping weather records and instruments

1, measurement of rainfall

Rainfall and other forms of precipitation is measured by an instrument called raingauge.

Description

  1. It consists of a funnel which is either 13cm-20cm
  2. A funnel leads to the glass bottle
  3. The hole in the funnel is very small
  4. The glass bottle is placed inside the copper cylinder
  5. All are placed in the metal container
  6. There is also a graduated measuring cylinder for measurement

Usage

  1. The funnel is removed everyday before measurement
  2. Any water in the glass bottle is poured into calibrated measuring cylinder
  3. The reading is taken at eye level
  4. The reading is recorded
  5. The readings are added up for each month
  6. Total rainfall for the 12 months of the year is summed up and this gives the total annual rainfall

Precautions

  1. The rainguage must be sited in an open space
  2. It must be at least 25cm-30cm above the ground
  3. It must be fixed firmly to avoid spilling
  4. Readings must be taken daily
  5. The area where the instrument is kept must be fenced

Formula for calculations

  1. Mean monthly rainfall = total rainfall for the month/ no of days in the month
  2. Annual rainfall = addition of the total rainfall from January to December
  3. Annual range of rainfall = month with highest rainfall – month with lowest rainfall
  4. Mean annual rainfall = total rainfall (Jan – Dec)/12
  5. Highest rainfall = month with the highest rainfall
  6. Lowest rainfall = month with the lowest rainfall

EXAMPLE: Calculate using the data in the table below

  1. Mean monthly rainfall for the month of September
  2. Annual rainfall
  3. Annual range of rainfall
  4. Mean annual rainfall
  5. Month with lowest rainfall
MonthJFMAMJJASOND
Rainfall cm310802018550554565504540

Solutions

  1. Mean monthly rainfall = 65/ 30 (no of days in September) = 2.17cm
  2. Annual rainfall = 10 + 80 + 20 + 18 + 5 + 50 + 55 + 45 + 65 + 50 + 45 + 40 = 483cm
  3. Annual range of rainfall = 65-5 = 60cm
  4. Mean annual rainfall = 10+80+20+18+5+50+55+45+65+50+45+40 =483/12 =  40.25cm
  5. Month with lowest rainfall =  5cm (may)

ASSIGNMENT

Draw and label a rainguage on a clear white paper, snap and upload using the contact me form below.

No Fields Found.

Revision: Latitude and Longitude

Latitude can be defined as the angular distance of a point on the earth’s surface, it is mewasured in degrees from the center of the earth.

The important lines of latitudes include;

  1. The equator (00)
  2. Tropic of cancer (lat. 23 ½0 N)
  3. Tropic of capricon (lat. 23 ½0S)
  4. Arctic circle (66 ½ 0N)
  5. Antarctic circle (66 ½ 0S)
  6. North pole (900N)
  7. South pole (900S)

Lines of latitudes are used in calculating distance between two places on the earth surface AND lines of latitude in conjuction with that of longitude are used to determine the exact location of places on the atlas map.

Longitude is an imaginary line drawn on the globe running from north to south at right angle to the parallels. the longitude running through London and Accra is called the Great Prime or Greenwich Meridian

Important lines of longitude are long. 00, long. 1800 E, long. 1800 W, long. 1000 E etc

The lines of longitude are used to calculate local time between two places on earth and in conjuction with lines of latitude, it can be used to determine the exact location of places on the atlas map.

EXAMPLES:

  1. Calculate the distance between Lagos (40N) and Cairo (300N)

SOLUTION

Latitude of lagos= 40N

Latitude of Cairo= 300N

Find latitiude difference= 300N – 40N=260

NOTE: 10= 111km

111km×260=2886km

Note: (latitude)

North-north=subtract

South-south=subtract

North-south=add

Equator –north/south=add/subtract.

ASSIGNMENT

  1. Calculate the distance between the Equator lat.00 and Egypt (300N)
  2. Find the longitude of a town Y whose time is 8:00 am when the time of another town X ( longitude300E) IS 2:00pm the same day.

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