SS 2 CIVIC EDUCATION

09/09/2020

Hello students,

Topic: Democracy

Democracy as defined by Abraham Lincoln as the government of the people, by the people and for the people. It is also a system of government under which the people exercise governing power either directly or through representatives who are periodically elected by them.

Features of Democracy

  1. Majority Rule: Rule by the majority and respect for the minority view.
  2. Governmental or political power belongs to the members of the communities as a whole.
  3. Free and fair elections at regular intervals.
  4. Constitutional guarantee of fundamental human rights.
  5. Existence of universal adult suffrage and adoption of the principle of “one man, one vote”
  6. An impartial and fearless electoral body to conduct elections at regular intervals.
  7. Existence of competitive political parties.
  8. An impartial judiciary.

IMPORTANCE OF DEMOCRACY

  1. It recognises the duties of the government and the rights of the people.It makes government responsible and people conscious of their rights and civic duties.
  2. Itr promotes political participation in tyhe affairs of the state.
  3. Democracy adheres to the principle of regular constitution, argument band persuation in arriving at major decisions of the states.
  4. It allows cfor easy of effecting leadership change in a state .
  5. The principles of accountability, responsibility, initiative and competitiveness which are basis for better and responsible administration are only possible in a democracy.
  6. It promoted decision by the majority.
  7. It lends credence to legitimacy of government.

Questions

  1. Define democracy
  2. Mention five importance of democracy.

02/09/2020

Hello boys & girls.

Topic:   Importance of Political Participation.

  1. Political Accountability:  Through popular participation, the representatives of the people are accountable to the electorates through constituency and renewal of mandate.
  2. Training of Future Leaders:  When people are involved in the running of government, they are being prepared for the future roles they are to play in the society.
  3. Political Education:  Involvement of people in politics teaches some lessons on political behavior and activities and through this they learn new ideas.
  4. Involvement of the people:  Many people will be involved in the running of government through formulation and implementation of government policies.
  5. Rights and Duties:  Popular participation in politics will enable people to be aware of the rights and duties in the state and they will enable them to act responsibly.
  6. Meeting People’s Needs:  Through popular participation in politics, the needs of the people are met through their elected representatives.
  7. Peaceful change of government:  It is only through popular participation in politics that can ensure peaceful change of government as opposed to violent change of government by a military government.

26/08/2020

Hello dear students,

Topic: TRADITIONAL AND MODERN MODE OF POPULAR PARTICIPATION

This means the ancient ways of getting involved and participating in matters of personal interest. In ancient times, traditions and customs were the order of the day. The political set up was through the king, monarch, traditional chiefs etc. Choice of leadership and other activities were achieved through oracle consultation and divination.

The oracle”s word is final and rebellion against its voice is a “taboo” and may lead to jail or death sentence. Hence, oracles must be consulted before any decision is taken. The rules and regulations are known to a set of people. It is secretive. In the modern times, things are done caccording to the laid down procedures. People”s conduct, activities and relationships are guided by the dictataes of the constitution.

There are government agencies, parastatals and organisations saddled with the responsibility of administering every sector viz politics, economy, sports, social etc. There are rules and regulations to follow. For instance, every business activity must be registered with the Corporate Affairs Commission.

Question

Explain traditional and modern modes of popular participation.

19/08/2020

Hello students, we continue from the topic Political Apathy.

Forms of political apathy

  1. Voting: Many people may not be interested in voting because of their disappointment in past electoral processes, which did not reflect popular choice.
  2. Absence at political campaigns: Many Nigerians may not attend political rallies and campaigns, due to the poor past performance of our political leaders and they feel they don’t have anything to offer the electorate.
  3. Failure to comment on political issues: Some people may not be willing to comment on political issues because they feel that their views may not count or be respected by the government.
  4. Failure to contest elections: Many Nigerians may not wish to contest elective offices because they feel that election will be rigged in favour of money bags.
  5. Failure to criticize the government: Of equal importance is the fact that people may not have interest in criticizing the government, either because their views will not be respected or for fear of being exterminated.
  6. Non-registration for elections: Many Nigerians may not register for election because they feel there is no reason to vote because of the failures of our past political leaders.
  7. Failure to join political parties: Many people may not be involved in politics because they may not be in agreement with the manifestos of the existing political parties.

12/08/2020

Hello  dear students,

How are you all. Today, we will return to our topic of two weeks ago which is Popular participation.

Topic:     The need for popular participation in politics

  1. Improvement in Democracy: There is need for people to participate in government so that the provisions of democracy could be fulfilled.
  2. Political Harmony: It reduces the gap between the government and the people. The impact of the government will be felt by the people.
  3. It helps to prevent emergence of dictators.
  4. Decision making Process: There is need for people to participate in government so that they will be involved in the formation, implementation and decision making process.
  5. It enhances political accountability.
  6. Through participation in politics, people will be informed and enlightened about happenings in the society.

Roles of Civil Society in Promoting Popular Participation

  1. Checks the excesses of political leaders and state officials.
  2. Mobilizes citizens for popular participation in politics.
  3. Educates citizens to develop positive values in the society.
  4. Makes demands for social justice or clamour against injustice.
  5. Inform the public on important national issues.
  6. Educate people about their rights, duties and obligations.
  7. Mandates and help to resolve conflicts in societies.

Questions

1 .Mention three needs for popular participation in politics.

2. Highlight five roles in promoting popular participation

Good luck!

05/08/2020

Hello students, hope you are keeping safe.

TOPIC………… POLITICAL APATHY

Political apathy simply means lack of interest in politics or in political activities.

Forms of Political Apathy are,

  1. Refusal to vote.
  2. Refusal to protest against rigging and electoral malpractice.
  3. Absolute zero mind towards political activities.

Reasons for Political Apathy.

  1. Bad governance:- Any government that are self-centered i.e only interest themselves alone cannot meet the needs of the people tactless of ruling well. This bad behavior discourage people from participating in political activities.
  2. Security Reasons:- Fear of attacks by hoodlums or thugs during election in Nigeria have made so many people develop negative mind towards political activities.
  3. Type or nature of government in power:- In a one party state or military state many people do not have the opportunity to participate in either voting/governance. Hence, they were discouraged and thereby have no interest in political activities.
  4. Maiming, Killing and Rigging of elections are all instruments of political apathy. This is a threat to the voters and scares them from voting.
  5. Loss of lives and properties: Witch-hunting by opposition parties, serve as a threat to the electorates.

Why Leaders Fail to Protect the Interest of their Followers.

  1. Selfishness: Some of the leaders always think of their families alone on getting to power forgetting that they got into that office by the mandate of the people.
  2. Party Interest: Many political leaders are in the hands of party members and godfathers whom they owe allegiance to at the expense of the people.
  3. Corruption and Bribery: Bribery and corruption have been the bane of the economic, civil and social crisis.
  4. Societal/family Influence: The family members of our leaders always put pressure in other to be attended to at the expense of the followers.
  5. Unforeseen Contingencies: e.g natural disasters, terrorism and violence e.t.c are to be prevented from happening and if any happens, it is the duty of the leaders to look after the welfare of the affected.

29/ 07/2020

Hello students, I hope you are copying your notes judiciously.

May you never grow tired.

Topic: Popular Participation

Popular participation means to have passion, interest in the social, political, economic etc. activities of a nation. Popular participation may be regarded as a method of empowerment of citizens politically or otherwise which is a vital component of democratic governance. It also means not to be indifferent, nonchalant or refuse to contribute one”s quota to the development of one”s nation.

Types of popular participation

  1. Political participation: This is the involvement of the people in the political activities in a state which helps them to take part in the running of the government eg registering for election, voting and being voted for etc.
  2. Economic Participation: This is the involvement of the people in the economic activities of the state. Amongst such as hotel management, banking, insurance etc. It also involves encouraging local producers and manufacturers of goods and services by patronizing them.
  3. Sports: Many people involved in many sporting activities to earn their wages such as football, tennis etc. However, these sporting activities would not be complete without the spectators who appear to watch these events.
  4. Intellectual Participation: This is the involvement of people in the teaching- learning situation in various levels of all educational setup – nursery through tertiary institution. It also means individuals establishing private schools including universities. This has made education competitive and available.
  5. Social Participation: This involves the maintenance of peaceful co- existence with the communities and the communities and the country at large. It also involves the use of our skills and talents for national growth and development.

6. Science and Technology Participation: In advanced countries, citizens devote their time and talent resources in research band this has led to the invention of computers, medicines, GSM etc. These citizens have brought fame, honour, recognition and wealth to their nations through their discoveries.

Questions

  1. Define popular participation.
  2. Highlight and discuss five types of popular participation.

Good luck!

15/07/2020

Hello dear students,

We will return to take a look at civil societies which we began a two weeks ago.

Topic: Qualities of Civil Society Groups

  1. They are setup to make society better though they focus on different ways of doing this.
  2. They are not setup by the government, they are independent of the government.
  3. Membership is voluntary and dependent on certain conditions specified by the organisation.
  4. They seek effective governance and progress at all levels of the society.
  5. They are self-reliant and could be funded by institutions that believe in their cause.
  6. They are highly organised and each group focuses on a particular cause.
  7. They have respect for the law and other groups and individual. They are civil [respectful]
  8. Most of them are involved in charity work.

Problems of Civil Society Groups

  1. They are sometimes extreme as they pitch themselves against the government. They conduct their affairs as though they are at war with the state.
  2. Some members need to increase their own awareness of the cause which they claim to stand for.
  3. Some non-governmental groups raise funds from different international agencies but those in leadership position embezzle the money.
  4. Some groups monopolize the thinking of their members, noit wanting them to consider issues from various angles.
  5. In Nigeria, some people join these organisations with the belief that their membership is a source of making extra income.
  6. At times, their members get a lot of political powers without being elected into office.
  7. They are suppressed by the government.

Questions

1.Highlight three qualities of civil society groups

2.Discuss four challenges faced by civil society groups

08/07/2020

Hello students. Hope you are all keeping safe.

TOPIC…….. CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY

Democracy means the government of the majority. According to Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of The United States, 1863, described democracy as the government of the people, by the people and for the people.

Democracy originated from Greece, where all adults gathered to make important decisions. The word democracy came from two Greek words namely’demos’ meaning people, and ‘kratos’ meaning rule. The two words joined together meaning the rule of the people. It is appropriate to say democracy originated from Greece and it was developed by the Americans which today is regarded as the largest democracy in the world. Democracy is organized in accordance with the principle of equity, equality, popular participation and majority rule. Democracy is today described as the best system of government and it is now being practiced by most of the countries in the world.

TYPES OF DEMOCRACY

There are two main types of democracies:

  1. Direct or classical democracy:- This is a type of democracy in which all the citizens meet together in one place to discuss issues affecting their community and take certain decisions, e.g. the ancient Greek city states.
  2. Indirect or representative democracy:- This may happen when citizens choose or elect their representatives who will govern them according to the wishes of the people. Such people are elected in a free and fair election. This is the practice in modern democracies today.

BASIC FEATURES OF A DEMOCRATIC STATE

1.Free and fair election:– In a democracy, there is peaceful change of government through a free and fair election which should be conducted by an independent and impartial electoral body.

2. Periodic election:- In a democracy, election is conducted at intervals and at a specific period based on the constitution of the state. For instance, in Nigeria, election is conducted every four years.

3. Multi party system:- There should be opportunity for multi party system, so that people can choose the party they intend to join.

4, Universal adult survey:– All qualified citizens should be allowed to vote and they should not be denied of this political rights on flimsy excuses.

5. Independence of the Judiciary:- The Judiciary should be independent of the other two organs of government namely the legislature and the executive so that they can perform their constitutional roles like setting disputes and being on impartial umpire when cases are brought before the judiciary for adjudication by government and groups in the society.

6. Liberty:– The rights of the people must be protected in a democratic state and such rights must be written and protected by the constitution.

7. Supremacy of the law:– The law of a democratic state must be supreme and nobody should be above the law. The government and the people must be guided by the provisions of the constitution.

IMPORTANCE OF DEMOCRACY

  1. Free choice of leaders:– Voters in a democratic government popularly called the electorates is given the opportunity to make the choice of leaders they want to govern them through a process of election.
  2. Decision making by majority:– People acquire collective wisdom when working in a group. People are given the opportunity of contributing something to decision making based on the views to the majority.
  3. Political participation:– It gives opportunity for majority of the people to be involved in the running of government at various levels irrespective of their colour, views tribe, nationality, status or religious affiliation.
  4. Equal opportunities for all:– It ensures equal opportunity for all citizens in all spheres of life. For instance, all citizens can aspire to contest for the highest position in government, that is, the office of the President.
  5. Tolerance of opposing views- Democracy provides an essential external check on misuse of powers by the government in power as well as excessive concentration of power in the hands of the leaders.
  6. Individual equality and freedom:- There is individual equality and freedom as the rights of the people are guaranteed by the state and protected by the constitution.
  7. Political accountability- Political leaders are accountable to the electorates through reward of mandate as they give record of their stewardship to the people before asking for another mandate. There is equally a process of recall for irresponsible representatives.
  8. Rule of law:- In a democratic government, there is the existence of the rule of law in which both the ruler and the ruled are guided by the provisions of the constitution. Therefore no one is above the law.

PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH A DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT

  1. Imposition of minority:– There are a few people at the corridor of power who takes decision for the members of the society. Therefore there is the imposition of the minority views on the majority of the people.
  2. Political instability:– Democracy encourages many people to participate in the running of the government. In societies where the political maturity is not exercised, there may be political rivalry between supporters of the various political parties, this is capable of creating political crises in the country.
  3. Rule of the ignorance:– Sometimes mediocre may find themselves at the corridor of power either by legal means or through rigging of elections, therefore democracy may bring incompetent leaders to power.
  4. Rule of the minority:- There is imposition of minority views on the majority therefore democracy pays attention to quantity and not quality. Votes are merely counted but not weighed.
  5. Expensive nature:– Democracy is very expensive to operate because of the existence of government apparatus at various levels which must be maintained including conduct of elections which is not expensive but cumbersome.
  6. Slow decision making:– Democracy encourages slow decision making. This is because opportunity is given to people to express their views on public issues before final decision is taken There are consultation at various levels of political authorities especially in a country where the consultation is written and rigid.
  7. Public neglect– The political power of the masses is exercised effectively only once in a long period, that is, during election. Once elections are over and a set of rulers installed in office, the power of the people is relegated to the background.

01/07/2020

Hello dear students, happy new month.

I believe you are studying hard and staying safe. Today, we looking at civil societies.

Topic: Civil Societies and Popular Participation

Civil society refers to institutions and groups of people with common interest, purposes and value which they pursue.

Their effort are to make the society good. They advocate social change, social justice and the protection of “individual” human right.

These organisations are independent of the state and are not setup by the government. Usually, they are setup to promote a particular cause eg some to promote democracy, some which are gender based concern themselves with improving the blot of women by empowering womken at various levels. Professional associations seek to improve and maintain the standards of their professions and protect the interest of their members.

Ethnic based groups seek to place their ethnic groups at an advantage. Some groups focus on eradicating poverty and injustice.

Types of Civil Societies

  1. Professional Associations
  2. Human Right Groups
  3. Pro-democracy groups
  4. Labour Groups
  5. Students Groups
  6. Gender based Groups
  7. Faith based Groups
  8. Citizens militia
  9. Cultural groups
  10. Clubs
  11. Consumers Organisation
  12. Non- governmental Organisations

Examples of Civil Society Organisations in Nigeria

  1. Civil Liberty Organisation [CLO]
  2. Academic Staff Union of Universities [ASUU]
  3. Nigerian Union of Journalists [NUJ]
  4. Christian Association of Nigeria [CAN]
  5. Action Aid International [AAI]
  6. Jama’atu Nasril Islam [JNI]
  7. Nigerian Bar Association [NBA]
  8. Nigerian Labour Congress [NLC]
  9. National Association of Nigerian Students[NANS]
  10. Committee for Defence of Human Rights [CDHR]

Functions and Needs for Civil Societies

  1. They encourage popular participation in politics where there is politics where there is political apathy.
  2. They help to develop the values of the society. They promote values such as: hard work, tolerance, respect for other people etc.
  3. They pursue the enforcement of the fundamental human rights like freedom of speech, religion etc.
  4. They make demand for social justice
  5. They check the excesses of political leaders and state officials
  6. They develop the nation e.g some of them work to manage and curb the spread of HIV/AIDS by educating the people and ensuring that those who need anti-retroviral drugs get them.
  7. They promote democracy by jointly monitoring elections and calling for peaceful, transparent and fair elections.
  8. They inform the public on important national issues and could arrange a public debate where various groups and individuals express their views.

Kindly answer the following questions bearing in mind that full explanations carry full marks.

Questions

  1. Mention five roles of civil societies in promoting popular participation.
  2. Highlight five examples of civil societies.

Good luck!

24/06/2020

Hello students. I hope you are all keeping safe.

TOPIC: POPULAR PARTICIPATION IN POLITICS

Popular participation in politics simply means to partake in democratic governance. This is the involvement of many people in the politics of their state. It is also defined as the act of taking active part in political activities publicly or in a way that is enjoyed by a large amount of people.

Reasons why people do not participate in politics

  1. The rigorous nature of politics: politics to many people is tedious, aggressive and tough especially to those who are not medically stable.
  2. Consumes time: politics to some people demand a lot of time, money, and energy and other resources which other people cannot bear.
  3. Discrimination among men and women: many people are of the view that politics is not meant for women because of what it entails. However, many women have been active in politics even till now in Nigeria.
  4. Illiteracy: many people cannot offer themselves for public service because they do not have the academic qualification of criteria required. Many aspirants at times especially at the local government level cannot read and write.
  5. Bad governance or leadership and mismanagement of public funds, irritates people of integrity and discourages them from offering themselves for public service.
  6. The way political godfathers manipulate results of primary elections always pave way for their own candidates to represent the party at the poll.
  7. Maiming, killing and destruction of lives and properties usually put off many credible people from participating in politics.
  8. People do not have trust in the electoral commission because the body plans, organises and controls electioneering process in order to favour the people or candidates of their own choice.

Popular organisations in this context means political parties and most of them emerged through the following means:

  1. Activity of the political activist: Most political parties are formed by political activist and pressure groups. They gather themselves together and form policies and constitutions, slogan and manifestos e.g The National Conscience Party formed by late Gani Fawehinmi (NCP).
  2. Activity of ethnic leadership: political parties also emerge through in the activities of ethnic leaders e.g parties such as Alliance for democracy (AD), Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN) by Senator Bola Tinubu.
  3. Activity of religious leaders: religious leaders do form, partake and participate in politics e.g the fresh democratic party (FDP) by Rev Chris Okotie, National Action Council (NAC) by Dr. Olapade Agoro.
  4. Through the activities of labour union: the Labour Party (LP) as its anme connotes was formed by the labour union e.t.c.

The people that always make up organisations are:

  1. The chairman (National Chairman)
  2. Deputy chairman
  3. Chief Adviser to the Chairman
  4. Secretary (National Secretary)
  5. Treasurer
  6. Members that will oversee how things are being run in the constitution.

17/06/2020

Hello dear students,

I hope you are keeping safe and studying hard. We will continue with the topic of the civil service today.

Topic: Ways of improving the public service

  1. Teaching of political education in schools: political education should be taught in schools to equip young people with political knowledge to enable them to know their rights and duties to help them develop the right values and patriotism.
  2. Press county: through investigative journalism, the press should criticize erring public offices.
  3. Pressure groups: through their activities, they persuade higher officers to take actions in favour of the public.
  4. Public complaints commission( ombudsman) : this body listens to aid investigative complaints of citizens about public servants.
  5. Refresher courses and training programmes: further training should be given to civil servants both here in Nigeria and abroad so that they can carry out their duties with modern means. Others are:
  6. Timely payment of salaries and allowances
  7. Motivating hardworking civil servants
  8. Provision of enabling working environment.

Control of the civil service

  1. Control by the ministry of establishment: this ministry is in charge of matters affecting the conditions of service of public officers
  2. Control by courts
  3. Control by the civil service commission
  4. Control by public complaints agencies
  5. Control through the rules and regulations as contained in the condition of service (general order)

Reasons why accountability should be a watchword for public servants in Nigeria

  1. To check corrupt practices/ nepotism
  2. To promote accountability and transparency
  3. To promote good governance
  4. To curtail waste of resources in the public service
  5. To check abuse of office in the public service
  6. To promote role models in the public service
  7. To discourage negative attitude towards the public service
  8. To promote discipline in the public service
  9. To enhance productivity in the public service
  10. To ensure security

Ways which public service commission contributes to the effective operation of the civil service

The civil service commission is a body through which public officers are recruited or employed.

1.Recruitment of people into the public service

2. Promotion of public servants

3. Discipline of erring public servants through warning, query, suspension,dismissal etc.

4. Training of public servants for enhanced performance

5. Co-ordinates all rules governing the activities of public servants such as General Order.

Questions

1.Mention four ways the public service can be improved in Nigeria

2.Discuss five reasons why accountability should be the watchword of civil servants in Nigeria.

Always remember that a detailed explanation of your points will earn you full marks.

Good luck!

10/06/2020

Hello students. Hope you are all keeping safe.

TOPIC…………… HUMAN TRAFFICKING

Human trafficking is the recruitment of taking away of children and women by using force, persuasion, deceit into another environment or country to serve as prostitutes, house jobs, and for other menial jobs. It is therefore an illicit trade of selling human beings into the labour market for personal gains. This business is as old as history itself as it could be dated to the pre colonial period when human beings are sold into slavery. This has now assumed a new dimension even after independence, Christian adventure and modernization. Children and women are the most vulnerable, they are taken away after the payment of certain amount of money by the abductors to their parents or guardian. Many of the victims are promised a more lucrative job in other lands and because of the ignorance of the victims, they become a prey in the hands of their so called mentors who had ready made market for these innocent souls.

CAUSES OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING

  1. Poverty: Many parents sell their children into slavery because of poverty and the attractiveness of higher standard of living. The poor parents take cash or money from traffickers and in return hand over their children to the traffickers.
  2. Greed: Many of those involved in this business do it because of their selfish desire to get rich quick at the expense of the innocent souls. They can use any means to deceive unsuspecting parents and guardians to meet their selfish desires.
  3. Low self esteem: Many people engage in this business because they often look down on themselves as individuals and families who cannot make it in life, hence they see human trafficking as short cut to affluence.
  4. Illiteracy: The traffickers do go to illiterate parents who could be easily deceived and who do not know the implication of releasing their children to be taken away. They are not sufficiently informed of its inherent dangers. All they are after is the money that will come out of it.
  5. Family crisis: This may be as a result of death of mentors that could have taken care of the need of the affected children and women. Such people have no choice than to put themselves on the line to keep body and soul together.
  6. Peer group influence: People who have friends and age groups abroad who are successful are easily lured into trafficking, when their friends come home. They show their affluence by spending and dressing extravagantly not knowing that they sell their bodies to make money abroad.
  7. Hardship and insecurity: Because of the prevailing economic situation in the country with its attendant untold suffering and lack of life security, many people are involved in human trafficking in order to meet their financial obligations.
  8. Unemployment: This is one of the strongest reasons used to lure children and women abroad. People who are not able to secure gainful employment are promised lucrative jobs abroad. They are always given the assurance of job security there.
  9. Lust for greener pasture: Many women and children are involved in human trafficking because there is better life at the other side where there is abundant life.
  10. Decline in value system: Some immoral social vices are now the order of the day in the Nigerian society such an immorality which often lead to divorce leaving children and wives neglected. For such people to survive, they will have to look elsewhere which leads to the involvement of such people in human trafficking.
  11. Ready-made markets: Many people are also involved in this business because of meeting hard demands for such categories of people in many parts of the world.

CLASSWORK

Explain 5 causes of human trafficking

DATE: 03/06/2020

Hello students,

How are we doing today. Happy new month.

Topic : Public service in a democracy

It is the branch of government under the executive arm of government that sees to the formulation and implementation of government policies and decision. It can also be described as the administrative unit of government through which government day – to – day operations and activities are carried out for the smooth operation of governance in a state.

CHARACTERISTICS OF PUBLIC SERVICE

  1. It is essentially a permanent government institution which does not change with the government that creates it.
  2. Public service may involve products and services that are hard to attribute to specific individual efforts.
  3. It requires high level of training and education
  4. It’s workers are politically neutral.
  5. It’s workers are anonymous; that is they are not held responsible for their actions as they affect the government.

FUNCTIONS OF THE CIVIL SERVICE

  1. Formulation of policies: Those in the administrative class supply information based on their experience over the years for policy formulation of government.
  2. Execution of policy: It is the arm of government responsible for policy execution and programs of government.
  3. Preparation of budget
  4. They generate revenue
  5. Provision of job opportunities: they provide job opportunities for people in the country.

STRUCTURE OF THE CIVIL SERVICE

1.THE ADMINISTRATIVE CLASS: they are the highest grade of public servants in the service. They include Permanent secretary, Director generals, Principal officers etc.

2. THE EXECUTIVE CLASS: They include higher executive officers, senior officers etc. They are responsible for the day-to-day execution of government polices.

3. THE PROFESSIONAL / TECHNICAL CLASS: They are meant to handle technical or specialized work. They include engineers, accountants, lawyers, doctors etc.

4. THE CLERICAL CLASS: They perform routine jobs and possess school certificate or equivalent qualifications. They include: typists, clerical assistants etc.

5. THE MESSENGERIAL / AUXILIARY / MANIPULATIVE CLASS: They are without formal education but are trained in different fields. They include: drivers, cleaners, messengers.

PROBLEMS OF THE CIVIL SERVICE

  1. Tribalism: Some high ranking officials favour only people from their ethnic groups.
  2. Over – staffing: The service is overstaffed with people whose ideas are outdated and are not willing to work.
  3. Bribery and Corruption
  4. Negative attitude to work
  5. Incompetence

QUESTIONS

  1. Highlight five importance of public service in Nigeria.
  2. Enumerate five features of the civil service.
No Fields Found.

27/05/2020

Hello dear students.

Hope you are keeping safe.

TOPIC…….SOME NOTABLE EVENTS IN NIGERIA

1. 1914- Northern Nigeria & Southern Nigeria amalgamated to form Nigeria.

2. 1958 – The Nigeria flag was designed by Micheal Taiwo Akinkunmi.

3. October 1st 1960 – Nigeria gained her independence from the British government. Abubakar Tafawa Balewa became prime minister while Nnamdi Azikwe became president on behalf of the Queen of England.

4. October 1st 1963 – Nigeria became a Republican state.

5. 27th May 1967 – General Yakubu Gowon created 12 states.

6. 22nd May 1976 – Operation Feed the Nation (OFN) was established.

7. October 10 1979 – A new National anthem was introduced.

8. December 12 1990 – Babangida moved the seat of government to Abuja.

9. The Nigeria first republic was 1963- January 14, 1966.

10. The second republic was 1979 – 1983.

11. The 3rd republic was in 1992-1993.

12. 1999 up to date – 4th republic of Nigeria was inaugurated.

CLASSWORK

  1. What year did Nigeria become a republican state?
  2. A new national anthem was introduced in what year?
  3. Nigeria second republic was in what years?
  4. Amalgamation to form Nigeria was in what year?
  5. In what year did Babangida move the seat iof government to Abuja?
No Fields Found.

Corrections :15/05/2020

  1. Organise, undertake and supervise all elections.
  2. Conduct voting and civic education
  3. Register political parties in accordance with the provision of the constitution.
  4. Monitor political campaigns and provide rules and regulations which shall govern the political parties.
  5. To promote knowledge of sound democracy.

2i. Pedestrians

ii. Cyclists

3. Dialogue

ii. Mediation

( Explanations necessary)

4. Responsible parenthood is the ability of parents to bring up their children I a decent and acceptable way to the acceptable norms in the society. For example, education, discipline, monitoring and so on.

I believe with the little above, you will correct yourself where you have erred.

15/05/2020

Hello students, I hope you are keeping safe. It is my belief that we can both make this work.

For this class, I would like to revise topics covered previously in question form. I would advise you to read through your previous notes to enable you answer the questions.

Remember that as is usually answered in this subject,you must explain your answers fully to get full marks to enable you get a distinction in your final examinations.

Good luck!

Kindly use the form below to answer the questions and indicate the subject before answering.

Questions

  1. List 5 functions of INEC
  2. Apart from motorists, mention two other road users
  3. Enumerate and discuss two skills necessary for resolving conflicts.
  4. In your own words, with vivid examples, describe responsible parenthood.

No Fields Found.
No Fields Found.