SS 3 GOVERNMENT

SUBJECT: GOVERNMENT

DATE: 03/08/2020

CLASS: SS 3

TOPIC: MAJOR POLITICAL CRISES IN NIGERIA

SUB TOPIC: THE NIGERIA CIVIL WAR

The Nigeria civil war broke out on May 30th 1967 and end 15th 1970. The 3 years civil war cause untold hardship and untimely death to more than 2 million Nigerians. In the history of Nigeria the habitants of the country will never wish nor pray for an occurrence like that again because many future leaders and potentials in terms of human resources were wasted and up till now the Nigeria community is yet to fixed back some of the damages the civil war had brought to the nation.

It was during the era of the then military governor of Eastern region Lt Col Odumegwu Ojukwu after due consultation with Igbo leaders the military dictator declared the war against the policies of the then federal military government headed by General Yakubu Gowon.

Causes of the civil war

  1. Promulgation of Decree 34: Decree No 34 was promulgated by General Aguiyi Ironsi which brings Nigeria back to unitary system       of government thereby reducing the power of regional government.
  2. Massacre of Igbo in the North: There was equally the massacre of the Igbo in the Northern part of Nigeria due to their economic dominance in the North.
  3. Political Instability: The tension created by the disturbances in Western Nigeria as a result of the election of 1964 and 1965, and the Federal Government refusal to take emergency action on the issue.
  4. Creation of 12 States by Gowon: The creation of 12 States out of the existing four regions by the government of General Yakubu Gowon on the 27th of May, 1967 was seen as a step to weaken the regional government.
  5. Leadership crisis: There was leadership crisis over who should succeed General Aguiyi Ironsi between Gowon and Ojukwu as the next in rank Brigadur Babafemi Ogundipe declined to take over.

WORK TO DO

Enumerate the effect of the civil war.

SUBJECT: GOVERNMENT

DATE: 27/07/2020

CLASS: SS 3

TOPIC: MAJOR POLITICAL CRISES IN NIGERIA

SUB TOPIC: THE CENSUS CRISIS OF 1962/63

In May 1962, a population census was conducted in Nigeria. This was the first census in Nigeria after independence. Due to disagreement, the result was not published, yet the figured leaked out. Following this, another census was conducted in 1963 but the result was released in February 1964. The released result put the figures like this. The North had better advantage than the other region in terms of population and on the base of the result; the country was divided into 312 Single Member House of Representatives.

However, there was allegation of inflation of figures. The Eastern region and Mid-western region rejected the results. The eastern regional government went to court ordering the result to be nullified or not to be accepted. Thus, the court ruled that the Eastern Regional government had failed to show or prove to the court that it had any legal right to specific number of seats in the House of Representatives, so that the court can help enforce it.

Reasons for the Inflated Census Figures

  1. To acquire elective positions
  2. For gaining more political appointment
  3. For increase in revenue allocation
  4. For more local government
  5. Delimitation of constituencies

WORK TO DO

  1. What are the likely effects of 1962/63 census crisis?

CORRECTION ON MILITARY IN POLITICS

Military regime can never be said to be corrective regime in governance affairs. The following factors can be attributed to it.

  1. There is total breakdown of law and constitutional integrity by military dictators and this serve as bad posture of any individual to agree that abuse and suspension of civil right by military is better for governance.
  2. The arrest and detention of politicians by military dictators put the society in anarchy and conflict of nepotism thereby causing mistrust governance.
  3. The absence of opposition voices is a good sign of dictatorial nature which tolerate not opposition or criticism to their rule.
  4. In any military government, there is level of disrespect to rule of law and disregard to court order.
  5. The absence of election allows the bad leadership style of any dictators to remain in power without check from the people through vote.

SUBJECT: GOVERNMENT

DATE: 20/07/2020

CLASS: SS 3

TOPIC: MILITARY IN NIGERIA POLITICS.

The first military experience in the Nigeria politics started after the coup d’etat of January 15th, 1966. This happened when the civilian government headed by Sir Tafawa Balewa was sacked. There were suspension of constitutional activities by the Supreme Military Council then headed by General Aguyi Ironsi. Unfortunately, Major General Aguyi Ironsi never lasted long in office as a result of coup d’etat of 29th July, 1966 which led to the death of the General and a new military dictator assumed power which is the person of Lieutenant Colonel Yakubu Gowon which was also overthrown on the 29th of July, 1975. Later, Brigadier General Muritala Ramat Mohammed replaced General Gowon and His government was also rescued from power through another coup d’etat on 13th Febuary, 1976 in a bloody coup. The dictator that succeeded Brigadier Muritala was General Olusegun Aremu Obasanjo and He handed over power to an elected civilian government headed by President Shehu Shagari. In 1983, General Mohammed Buhari took over the power from elected government on the gross allegation of embezzlement, corruption and that the election that brought Shagari to power in 1983 was massively rigged. However, the regime was short lived as General Ibrahim Babangida took over from General Muhammed Buhari in August 1985. Other military involvement in Nigeria politics is the era of Abacha which took over power in 1993 after alleged resignation of the leader of the Interim National Government headed by Chief Ernest Shonekan, the man that chaired the transition council set up under Babangida regime.

Thereafter, the General Abdul-Salami Abubakar replaced General Sanni Abacha after the death of Sanni Abacha. It was General Abdulsalam Abubakar who handed over power to President Olusegun Obasanjo as a democratically elected Head of the 4th Republic on May 29th, 1999.

Operation of the military involves the use of Force, Suspension of the constitution, Arrest and detention of politicians, Closure of border, Establishment of military tribunal, Banning of political activities, Lack of respect for the rule of law etc.

Work to Do

Debunk the claim that military regime is a corrective regime.  

CORRECTION ON NIGERIA FOREIGN POLICY 13/07/2020

Nigeria in her bit to make Africa the centre-piece of foreign policy as play the following role in achieving the non-interference principle by

  1. Playing a significant role in the establishment of ECOWAS in 1975.
  2. Nigeria also supported and continues to support Africans in Diaspora and other parts of the world in their struggle for socio-economic and cultural freedom.
  3. Nigeria has contributed greatly to the development of culture. It brought together people especially blacks from all over the world to Lagos during the 1977 Festival of Arts and Culture (FESTAC).
  4. Nigeria has also been an active member of UNO. She established her self as the giant of Africa in the ways she tackles African problems.
  5. Nigeria has always favoured peaceful resolution of crisis through negotiation and mediation.

SUBJECT: GOVERNMENT

DATE: 13/07/2020

CLASS: SS 3

TOPIC: NIGERIA FOREIGN POLICY.

Nigeria, like other countries of the world, is not self-sufficient. This is because the bounties of nature both human and material resources are not evenly distributed among the countries of the world. Nigeria needs the support of cooperation of other nations in politics, economic, socio-cultural and educational fields. Foreign policy however can be defined as the pattern of behaviour a nation adopts towards other countries in the international systems. In other words, it is the totality of a nation’s interaction with the other will take on any world issue at a particular time is determined by its foreign policy.

Factors that Influence Nigeria’s foreign policy.

  1. Historical Linkage:  Nigeria formal colonial master can influence her foreign policy formulation.
  2. Geographical location: What this means is that Nigeria’s foreign policy is essentially centered on matters that affect the continent of Africa as a whole.
  3. Military Might: The numerical strength of the Nigerian Armed Forces coupled with its international exposure especially in peace keeping force operations, make her military a force to reckon with within and outside African Continent.
  4. Economic Factor: Nigerian economy is highly a dependent and mono economy. This makes the economy a weak and fragile one. This tends to restrict and channel Nigeria foreign policy towards a particular section of the world.
  5. Public opinion and Pressure groups: It is often said that no right thinking, visionary and focused government would dare toil with the views, aspirations and demands of majority of its people. For this reason and more, Nigerian government do consider the opinion of her citizens when formulating the foreign policy objectives of the country.

WORK TO DO

Discuss the principle of Non-Interference in African Affairs.

CORRECTION ON CROSSING THE FLOOR. 29/06/2020

QUESTION 1.

YES and NO response will be appropriate. It will depend on the point of argument or justification. Every political parties have what is called POLICY FRAMEWORK and this is more or less a stated political goals and objectives. This policy framework can be refer to ideology of the party on assumption of power. However, any politician joining the party must align his or her own political agenda to fit into the drafted policy framework of the party. No matter, how giant a candidate is once is contesting under the umbrella of a political party, programme of intention must be channel to suit the party mission statement. Only what is left for any interested individual in becoming member of a political party is understand the party policy framework because the name of the party and the politician at stake while holding political offices.

QUESTION 2

The issue of transparency in governance is beyond party level. This in the sense that, transparency is clean cloth of any individual in government if social trust of the people will ascertain. Without transparency there is tendency mistrust among the citizens and government in power will lose the support of the people. Thus, carpet crossing may not grantee transparency and social trust of the people because even the idea of politician crossing from party to another is at their own interest not the interest of the society.

QUESTION 3.

Crossing the floor is among the political culture that worldwide is allowed. Because politicians have right of defecting from one party to another. The only way to check this matter is allow the crossing politicians to forfeit his or her previous party having declared loyalty to another party.

SUBJECT: GOVERNMENT

DATE: 29/06/2020

CLASS: SS 3

TOPIC: TRENDING ISSUE

FOCUS AREA: CROSSING THE FLOOR or CARPET CROSSING.

In politics, a politician is said to cross the floor if they change their party allegiance. Crossing the floor or cross carpeting may mean changing to a second party after being elected as a member of a first party, or voting against the approved party lines. Carpet crossing has become the defining expression in our kind of political pragmatism. When people see the light, for which, read opportunity in another political party, they flock to it. You should recognize this as chop-chop politics. It is the only kind of politics we know; it is the only kind of politics we practice. We are generally amused by the to-ing and fro-ing of our politicians desperately in search of opportunities even in small fish ponds.

 Think of carpet crossing as a worm in the apple of our party politics. Since we returned to civil rule in 1999, carpet crossing has become the rule rather than the exception. There is not one political party registered by the generals in 1998 that has remained the same and intact. Not many of the politicians have remained in one party since 1999. They have crossed the carpet back and forth. Not for ideological reasons but for reasons of what has been dubbed stomach infrastructure. Carpet crossing is malaise with a capacity to spread its poison to all things political and decent. The generals who gave us the 1979 and 1999 constitution knew the damage free roaming by the politicians via carpet crossing would do to party cohesion and our nationals’ politics. They took constitutional steps to discourage it. The constitution says national and state legislators who cross the carpet must automatically lose their seats in parliament. Because of carpet crossing we cannot have political parties formed and built around a well-articulated ideology intended to promote economic and social development. Our political parties are thus bereft of progressive and developmental ideas. And so, we take one step forward and take two backward. Because of carpet crossing, we have no real commitment to our political parties. We are there long enough for opportunities to open up in another political party, and then we cross the carpet. Because of carpet crossing, out political parties are merely convenient legal tools for oiling our political aspirations.

As a matter of fact, it is almost impossible to talk about the history of Nigeria political parties without the mention of carpet crossing, because the movement of politicians from one party to another was first showcased by the First Republic politicians. i.e 1963 and 1966.

Nigerian politicians carpet-cross for a number of reasons:

  1.  To have better access to power and the spoils of office.
  2.  To escape political oppression and persecution.
  3.  As a result of a breakdown in the aims and objectives amongst the founding

Fathers of a party.

  •  As a tactical and strategic political retreat to re-launch a political agenda on another platform.
  •  For ideological reasons, when the initial platform has derailed from the ideals which inspired like minds to join the party and bring to bear these lofty ideals in the service of the people. Defection based on this ideal is few and far between in Nigeria.

History of crossing the floor

The term originates from the British House of Commons which is configured with the Government and Opposition facing each other on rows of benches. In consequence, an MP who switches from the governing party to one in opposition (or vice versa) also changes which side of the chamber they sit on. A notable example of this is Winston Churchill, who crossed the floor from the Conservatives to the Liberals in 1904, later crossing back in 1924. The term has passed into general use in other Westminster parliamentary democracies even if many of these countries have semicircular or horseshoe-shaped debating chambers and mechanisms for voting without Members of Parliament  leaving their seats.

The first recorded incident of carpet-crossing was in 1951 in the defunct Western Region House of Assembly when several members of the now defunct NCNC, National Counsel of Nigeria and Cameroon led by the Great Zik of Africa, Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe overnight decamped to the old AG, Action Group led by Great Sage Chief Obafemi Awolowo SAN, to deny the former majority in the Western Region House of Assembly, which led to the AG forming the Government in the defunct region and Dr. Azikiwe beating a tactical relevant to his native Eastern Region to form the ruling Government, It is instructive to note that this singular political event was to lead to permanent mistrust not only between the two great and illustrious nationalists Awolowo and Azikiwe, but even to their kinsmen which mutual feeling still persists. In the 2nd Republic between 1979-1983, there were a number of high profile carpet crossings, prominent amongst which were: the Carpet Crossing by Chief Akin Omoboriowo from UPN, Unity Party of Nigeria led by Chief Awolowo to NPN National Party of Nigeria, NPN, the Carpet crossing by Chief Fagbamigbe also of former Ondo State from UPN to NPN.

WORK TO DO

With this lacuna in our democratic system,

  1. Will there be good governance base on ideology?
  2. Will there be transparency?
  3. How do will stop crossing the floor by politicians?

CORRECTION ON INDEPENDENT CANDIDATE

22/06/2020

  1. Political party candidate, as part of a team of persons who have a cohesive platform of ideas and would be expected to promote these ideas in the campaign preceding the election while an independent candidate may not have a team of persons to run his or her ideas.
  2. Candidate representing a political party would have the advantage of benefitting from an established party structure, its various identifying symbols, and its organizational acumen and so on while an independent candidate may not.
  3. Candidate from the platform of political party will benefit from the party’s financial resources in carrying out its campaigning and other activities while an independent candidate may not have steady financial support.
  4. Independent candidate is the so-called nonpartisan politician who does not want to or is not able to be affiliated to any political party. In many instances, the independent candidate has a different view of what is urgent and important for the society from those of the main political parties.
  5. There are instances where an independent candidate may be associated with a political party, perhaps as former members of it, or else have views that align with it, but choose not to stand in its name, or are unable to do so because the party in question has selected another candidate.
  6. Ironically, in attempting to win and hold public office, sometimes independents choose to form a party or alliance with other independents and as one political scientist explains, even where the word “independent” is used, such alliances have much in common with a political party.
  7. Sometimes independent candidates underestimate the challenge of going it alone. It is a major financial undertaking made even more-so as it is usually more difficult to find sponsors. Those who contribute money to political organizations usually favour giving to political parties, not single individuals. The independent candidate might have to depend significantly on personal resources to fund his campaign.
  8. The independent candidate must also take on the challenging task of putting together an effective campaign. This can also be a daunting task and to be successful the candidate must gain as much help as possible.
  9. The independent candidate must also have a set of policies to take to the public and must be convincing enough to have the attention of the voters.  
  10. The independent candidate, much more than the political party candidate, must give serious thought as to whether a run is worth it, especially given the resources required and the multiple challenges of going it alone.
  11. Significantly, this candidate must consider if, should he win, how will be make an impact, how will he get through an agenda, how will he influence policy and be seen to be doing so

SUBJECT: GOVERNMENT

DATE: 22/06/2020

CLASS: SS 3

TOPIC: TRENDING ISSUE

FOCUS AREA: INDEPENDENT CANDIDATE

An independent or nonpartisan candidate is a candidate not affiliated with any political party. There are numerous reasons why someone may stand for office as an independent. Independents may support policies which are different from those of the major political parties. Among which are

  • Independents may support policies which are different from those of the major political parties.
  • Independents may support a party’s platform, but choose to stand as an independent because they don’t feel the party adequately follows their platform.
  • In some parts of the world, electors may have a tradition of electing independents, so standing for a political party is a disadvantage.
  • In some countries (such as Russia), a political party can only be registered if it has many members in more than one region, but in certain regions only a minority of electors support the major parties.
  • In some countries (such as Kuwait), political parties are illegal and all candidates thus stand as independents.
  • In some countries where politics are otherwise traditionally partisan, such as the United State, sub-national bodies and offices such as the Nebsraka Legislature and various directly-elected judicial and executive positions are nonpartisan and require politicians to abstain from running for office as part of a political party, even if they may be a member of one.
  • In some countries where politics is otherwise traditionally partisan (such as Mongolia), the incumbent President must always be an independent and cannot run for reelection as a member of a political party.

Some independent candidates may be associated with a political party, perhaps as former members of it, or else have views that align with it, but choose not to stand in its name, or are unable to do so because the party in question has selected another candidate. Others may belong to or support a political party at the national level but believe they should not formally represent it (and thus be subject to its policies) at another level.

In running for public office, independents sometimes choose to form a party or alliance with other independents, and may formally register their party or alliance. Even where the word “independent” is used, such alliances have much in common with a political party, especially if there is an organization which needs to approve the “independent” candidates.

Ayodele Adewale, a chieftain of the ruling All Progressive Congress (APC) in Lagos State, has said that the on-going moves to amend the 2010 Electoral Act must lead to the deregistration of several of the existing political parties in the country, saying that the high number of parties was a setback to the nation’s electoral system.

More than 90 political parties are registered in Nigeria and participated in the 2019 general election; however, due to their poor performance in last year’s elections, there have been agitations in recent months from stakeholders for the number to be reduced.

Here is the opinion of Ayodele in an interview with Business-Day, that the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) should set target and boundary for political parties to meet before they can contest national elections.

He supported the agitation for the scrapping of some non-performing political parties by the National Assembly, stressing that the number of parties was unreasonable and was part of the problem bedeviling the electoral system.

According to him, “Yes, I support the amendment; 80 percent of the political parties have not even won a councillor seat, so if you cannot win a councillor why are you there? They are just clogging the system. We would get to a stage where we would have a million parties; can we put that in the voting paper? It would be crazy.

“We need to set the limit and set boundary; that is we are not saying you should not form a party, but if you form a party you need to be in a class, if you win the certain number of seat you move to the next class.  We should create independent candidacy because if we do that we would not have this number of political parties.

Speaking further, the former council boss, urged smaller parties to form an alliance with the major ones to compete favourably, while seeking the introduction of electronic voting into the electoral Act for the 2023 general elections.

“We should also encourage parties to form an alliance with a dominant party. But what I think the focus should be more on electronic voting so that people can vote from the comfort of their rooms. Not where polling units where someone would come and snatch the ballot box away.

WORK TO DO.

If Nigeria adopt independent candidate in it electoral system today, what are the likely challenges an independent candidate could face in the Nigeria context?

CORRECTION ON LAST WEEK WORK ON NEPOTISM

  1. In an era where social networking is the order of day now, how are those outside the network catered for?

Nepotism has ridicule transparency in governance to the extent people no long hope to secure a government job with mind set of merit, credibility and performance. In fact some people do not even bother to seek employment, preferring instead self-employment rather than face discrimination through nepotism. Systems based on personalities have now make social networking in terms of who you know to now make some few ethnic group common in some government establishment and those outside the network may develop a sense of marginalization and this is dangerous to the unity of the country. Society, itself, places a demand on executives to practice nepotism when in office, be it in private or public sectors. It even penalizes those who do not give preferential treatment to friends and relatives by singing the praise of those find corruptible just because they are of same language or religion.

  • How can executives be assisted to balance governance and business practices without nepotism?

This can be done by having people of charismatic personality with reputable pedigree in the society. People with questionable character that have tested and proof by their contribution to the system both globally and locally. Such individual can sanitize the system with working system that will be difficult for someone to arrive over night and wanting to override or jeopardize it. American today is on a working system that no incoming president can overturn rather built on it and as well strengthen it.

SUBJECT: GOVERNMENT

DATE: 15/06/2020

CLASS: SS 3

TOPIC: TRENDING ISSUE.

FOCUS AREA: NEPOTISM IN GOVERNANCE

Nepotism is regarded as petty corruption. This is in comparison with grand corruption, which involves high-profile public and private sector cases, where perpetrators actually change standards around people and systems. Nepotism is practiced on a day to day basis and in all walks of life. It typically involves abuse of public office for personal gain.
Nepotism, coming from the Italian word for nephew, covers favouritism to members of the family. It involves preferential treatment or favour granted to relatives or friends and ethnic loyalist with no regard to merit. Nepotism can happen at home, school, college, politics and even in workplaces.
Preferential treatment is always pleasing to one who receives it, but repulsive to those discriminated against.  Like many forms of discrimination, nepotism is against the law. Nepotism is also embedded on a sense of social and political responsibility. The other motivation of nepotism is of a strategic nature, where perpetrators may decide to build up a critical mass within an organisation, of family loyalists, for strategic support and protection. Starting from family situations, mothers and fathers have their favourite sons and daughters, giving rise to sibling rivalry. Older siblings favour younger ones who do not divulge secrets.
In schools or colleges, teachers and lecturers give preferences to their favourite students who might either be their relative or related through some means. Students, who perform, cannot tolerate such kind of favouritism. 
Every employee needs to be appreciated for their work performance, but when preferential treatment is accorded to some employees without merit, other employees become disgruntled. In fact, favouring one employee over another reduces morale, increases employee turnover and slows down career advancement. It also instills the sense in employees that it doesn’t matter how one performs on the job, what really matters are the extents to which the superior favours them. As well, it is this favouritism that determines perks and promotions one receives. Nepotism in workplaces is rampant, yet many pretend that it does not exist in their organisations.

THE CHALLENGE

Nepotism has reduced the human and organisational systems to “whom you know, rather than what you know”. They can cause a drop in commitment to the system, dissatisfaction and ultimate decision to move on from the present organisation. In fact some people do not even bother to seek employment, preferring instead self-employment rather than face discrimination through nepotism. Systems based on personalities are not fair or sustainable. For instance, an orphan, but gifted student in Nigeria or some other far-off place, may never get an opportunity to work in better organisations because they do not know anybody in the system to give them preferential treatment and favour. Society, itself, places a demand on executives to practice nepotism when in office, be it in private or public sectors. It even penalizes those who do not give preferential treatment to friends and relatives.

WORK TO DO

  1. In an era where social networking is the order of day now, how are those outside the network catered for?
  2. How can executives be assisted to balance governance and business practices without nepotism?

CORRECTION ON EXECUTIVE ORDER

Write short note on the following element of executive order.

  1. Proclamation
  2. Administrative order
  3. General circular

Proclamation

A proclamation is an official declaration issued by a person of authority either President of a country or Governor of a state to make certain announcements known. Proclamations are to be made public and published by reputable media channel and it is currently used within the governing framework and are usually issued in the name of the Head of State or Head of Government. There is a slim line between proclamation and executive order simply because both are used with the corridor of those holding the state power.

General Circular

A general circular is a written letter or document that is addressed for circulation to a group of people. It is usually formal and official. It may be for a closed group or general distribution. In most situation, the office of Secretary to the government either at federal or state level can issued general circular to all government ministry, department and agencies (MDAs) covering their mode of operation or Permanent secretary at various ministry can issued a circular or memo covering mode of operation within their department or ministry. Individual as well at private level, organization or establishment can issued a circular as a means to pass information which must be enforce as directed.

Administrative order

Administrative order is an enforceable order issued by a public authority (under the powers conferred to it by one or more statutes) to an individual or an organization to take certain corrective action, or to refrain from an activity. Mostly it is an order conferred on the permanent secretary of ministry and departmental head e.g Directors.

DATE: 08/06/2020

SUBJECT: GOVERNMENT

CLASS: SS 3

TOPIC: EXECUTIVE ORDER

This is a trend in our political environment. It is a moment of special proclamation by the head of the executive. I wish to introducing you to this new trend and get more knowledge about as on what it is and how it operation look alike.

An executive order is an official directive from the office of the president to federal agencies that often have much the same power of a law. Throughout history, executive orders have been one way that the power of the president and the executive branch of government has expanded—to degrees that are sometimes controversial. The history of executive order started in the United State of America.

Executive order is a directive issued by the president that manages operations of the federal government and it is a signed, written and published directive from the president that manages operations of the federal government. Once issued, remain in force until they are canceled, revoked, adjudicated unlawful, or expire on their terms. The interesting part of this order is that, they require no approval from legislative arm, and National Assembly cannot simply overturn them

Duration of Operation

Thirty days after being published in the Federal Register, executive orders take effect. While they do bypass the National Assembly and the standard legislative law making process, no part of an executive order may direct the agencies to conduct illegal or unconstitutional activities

Differences between executive order and republic act

So, a major difference between executive orders and congressional laws is that certain types of executive orders aren’t required to be made public or to be recorded in the federal register. In contrast, all congressional laws must be recorded and published and as well order must not be made in the area that already covered by legislation.

How executive order can be checked

The President in the executive branch can veto a law, but the legislative branch can override that veto with enough votes or make necessary adjustment. The executive branch can declare Executive Orders, which are like proclamations that carry the force of law, but the judicial branch can declare those acts unconstitutional.

The paths of National Assembly

National Assembly can revoke, modify, or supersede an executive order if the president was acting under authority granted by the Assembly. But if legislators make changes that the president disagrees with, it can expect to face a presidential veto, which it could only override with a two-thirds vote in both the House of Representative and the Senate

Work to do

Write short note on the following element of executive order.

  1. Proclamation
  2. Administrative order
  3. General circular
No Fields Found.

NEW TOPIC: Culture of borrowing in Nigeria politics

DATE: 01/06/2020

SUBJECT: GOVERNMENT

Money is crucial for political parties to implement their campaign promises or manifestoes. In addition to other factors, states require adequate funds for effective to keep the government of the day to have the emotional romance of its citizens. In the Audacity of this, those in governance do accuse themselves on party base for reckless spending and lack of accountability spirit. However, the populace want to see development in terms of human and infrastructure and use it to measure good governance. John C. Green (2006) also emphasized the importance of money to party politics when he stated that money is an especially valuable resource among several other resources which parties marshal in the process of seeking control of the personnel of government. However, whether in established or new democracies, unregulated use of money, private or public, for politics is capable of reversing the ethics, practices and spirit of democracy. It confers undue advantages and improperly alters available choice to electorates.

Unfortunate, Nigeria has been under the unbearable weight of a debt crisis because of her ability to access money for growth and development. By debt crisis, we mean a condition whereby a country has accumulated so much debt that it can no longer sustain the management of the debt, resulting in severe distortions and contradictions in the domestic political economy. This has been the condition for decades that so many states in Nigeria are. So much so that the struggle for debt cancellation for some Africa nations which Nigeria has been a victim now make the country economy in jeopardy.

It was upon this weak economic base and high dept profile that political power was transfer from individual to individual and from one party to another. The implication of this bad starting position to many states unlike Oyo State under the leadership of Engineer Makinde was the inability of previous government to work on paying back accumulated dept and present government ensuring that there is no high dept profile for incoming government.

Work to Do

  1. What is the relationship between development and borrowing?
  2. In what manner, people in governance have failed to build the trust of the populace in utilization of the borrowed fund?
  3. Will ability to borrow for development mean good governance?
No Fields Found.

CORRECTION ON THE ASSIGNMENT DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL PARTY

Date: 21/05/2020

QUESTION 1.

Nigeria National Democratic Party:

Aims and Objectives

To nominate and elect members into the legislature council in lagos.

To work and secure the Africanization of the civil service

To promote free trade in Nigeria and secure equal treatment for the native trader and producers in Nigeria.

Northern People’s Congress

To foster the authority of the North as the dominant political party in Nigeria.

To foster co-operation and understanding among the Notherners

To promotes local government reforms.

Unity Party of Nigeria

Free education at all level

Free medical services for all citizens

Full and gainful employment

Nigerian People’s Party

To work towards high quality of education at all levels.

To work for a secular state, promotes democracy and fundamental rights.

National Republican Convention

To promote participatory democracy at all levels of government.

To sponsor candidates for election offices from the local Government council level up to the office of the president.

Social Democratic Party

To promotes participatory democracy at all levels of government

To pursue political, economic, social educational and other objectives as well as directive principles and policies.

QUESTION 2.

Party manifestos is w holistic electoral promises made by political parties during campaign to the populace which will be carry out in office after securing the mandate of the people in an election while party aims and objectives are consolidated statement by political parties which are identify in their constitution. however, manifestos are drafted by on the intend programs by the flag bearer of the party in conjunction with the input of the party aims and objectives. Thus, party manifestos is the broader plan of any political party when assuming political position or authority.

NEXT WEEK TOPIC

  • DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN NIGERIA.
  • In 1922, after the introduction of Clifford constitution which provided for elective principle in Lagos and Calabar, Herbert Macaulay launched the first political party called Nigerian National Democratic Party 1923, National Youth Movement by Samuel Akinsanya et’al 1934/1936 respectively, National Council of Nigeria and Cameroons by Herbert Macaulay 1944, Action Group by Obafemi Awolowo 1951. Among the 2nd republic political parties are United party of Nigeria by Chief Obafemi Awolowo et’at in 1978, National party of Nigeria 1978 and Nigeria Peoples party 1978 and so on. Nigeria is now in the 8 republic of which there are multiple political parties contesting for various political offices.
  • Aims and Objectives of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd generation of political parties serve as guide of activities while in offices.
  • Work to do.
  • Among the 8 republic political parties,
  • 1. identify 5 political parties and their aims and objectives.
  • 2. What is the similarities between party manifestos and party aims and Objectives.
  • PROVIDE YOUR ANSWERS IN THE BELOW BOX WITH THE FOLLOWING HEADINGS. Name, E-mail, Subject, Class and Focus area.
No Fields Found.

CORRECTION OF LAST WORK ON NIGERIA AND WORLD

  1. A cold war is a state of conflict between nations that does not involve direct military action but is pursued primarily through economic and political actions, propaganda, acts of espionage or proxy wars waged by surrogates. This term is most commonly used to refer to the Soviet–American Cold War of 1947–1989. Between the US and the Soviet union which also called USSR never fought each other directly. This is exactly what is happening among countries of the world now due to the negative effect of Covid-19 which have cause many nations to lose their potential human recourses and China is not ready to give adequate information as regard the Genesis of the virus since it started from their place. So, nations around the world now are at use of words against China which may affect the economic and political relationship with other countries of the world.
  2. 5G and conspiracy theory. As a matter of fact there have not be any scientific prove or research backing up the life implication of 5G network to human health. The only fear of people concerning 5G is lack of technological capacity to curtail and control radiation which may have health implication on human existence. However, the launching of 5G by Chinese government enhance their own economy and boost their GDP to the extent, super country like US now patronize the Chinese government to boost inter-connectivity and trade. Thus, country like US will look for their own gain in such means in other to retain their presence and popularity among super world. Remember, China is one the G5 members which determine major political and economic trend in the world today. In view of this, conspiracy theory emanate from US in conjunction with other world power to push or force China to explain to the world the Genesis of Covid-19 and by that China image among committees of nations will be jeopardize.
  3. In my own view, African country may be lured into modern slavery because of their world relationship or international alliance with some super world countries since no countries of the world ever engage in any foreign politics or behavior with projecting at the back of their mind their own NATIONAL INTEREST. The borrowing rate of African from international financial institution such as IMF, world bank which are under the control and monitoring of super power countries put them at risk and making them look to be a beggars of which many of them now pushing for dept relieve or pardon. So, the implication of this is that, African may lose sense of dignity and priority and dance to the music of their borrowing master which the essence of giving African money is to gain control of their economy.
  4. No doubt, African is the center piece of Nigeria foreign policy but Nigeria must be cautious of her engagement with other neighboring country and ensure that no policy drive that will not protect it territorial integrity and ensure the image of her citizen is well recognize and protected.

Good morning great leaders to be. Hope you are utilizing this opportunity of stay at home to benefit your self. It will be a great privileged for you to do extensive reading and keep your mind in contact that sooner you will find your self in the examination hall. While keeping safe at home, i delight to use this medium to get to no how you spend your day and as well bring you back to classroom to refresh your memory.

Activity: Revision.

Focus areas: Nigeria and the world.

Nigeria and the world.

Nigeria as a country while establishing her political behaviour among committee’s of nations was because the country was not self sufficient in term of human and material resources. Thus, Nigeria needs the support and cooperation of other nations in politics. Among the reasons for interaction with the outside world are: political relationship, economic, socio-cultural.

CLASSWORK ON NIGERIA AND WORLD

In the past three decades, China has developed closer and closer links with world politics and economy. Today, to make judgment on the trends of world politics, it is necessary to evaluate China’s strength and its role in global affairs; at the same while, to predict the development path of China in the future, in other to ascertain her existence in the global environment, and the future trends of world politics and power structure. I wish to provide some personal analyses in my own view, with regard to the features and trends of current world politics as well as the role of China in world affairs.

  1. China has promoted the economic development, technological progress, flow of information and people and also the transparency of government in many countries and regions. Do you agree? Hold on and start thinking.

 Note that, the negative impacts of globalization (5G) have become more and more obvious to the extent that china now have more enemies than friends among nations of world.

  • 2. Along with the economic growth and sustainability, conspiracy theory have position some world power among which United Kingdom and United State of America at forefront of this theory.
  • 3. Non-traditional security problems such as financial instability, food shortage, energy shortage, pollution, climate change, illegal immigration, transnational crimes, terrorism, epidemic diseases, and product safety, have become the central agenda of world politics. However, African is overwhelmed with these challenges and by these the black race is now picture as a beggars and vulnerable entity to most of the flaws of these super powers.

QUESTIONS

  • As government students, what will be your views to the following questions
  • 1. What is Cold war?
  • 2. What is your view about 5G and conspiracy theory?
  • 3. Is African in modern slavery?
  • 4. Why is Nigeria always playing big brother role to the detriment of her national interest?
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No Fields Found.
No Fields Found.